Yttrium carbide in nanotubes

One-Dimensional Crystals inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Structure and Electronic Properties

“…thermal treatment of the NTs in an oxidative gaseous medium (either dry air or oxygen) or treatment with liquid oxidation agents, such as concentrated acids (HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 -H 2 SO 4 ), hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, osmium tetraoxide or HF-BF 3 mixture (Ajayan & Iijima, 1993;Monthioux et al, 2001;Seraphin et al, 1993). Concentrated acids also allow removing www.intechopen.com Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 130 catalytic particles and various contaminants (amorphous carbon, polyaromatic compounds, and graphite particles).…”

Filled Carbon Nanotubes: (X@CNTs)

“…The story of filled nanotubes started in 1993, where four papers were published that reported filling of MWCNTs with various metals and compounds (PbO x [16], Y 3 C and TiC [19] Bi 2 O 5 [41] and Ni [42]) in attempts to obtain encapsulated inorganic nanowires.…”

“…Zn-DPP) [1], orthocarborane [2,3], metallocenes [4,5], octasiloxane [6] and squarylium dye [7], among others have been encapsulated within either single-, double-or multiple walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, DWCNTs and MWCNTs, respectively) and directly imaged by either high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) or related techniques. In tandem with these studies, one-dimensional (1D) nanowires of a wide variety of materials including multiplets of polymeric iodine chains [8,9], pure metals [10][11][12][13][14][15], metal oxides [16][17][18], metal carbides [19][20][21], 2 × 2 × ∞ or 3 × 3 × ∞ atomic layer thick KI crystals [22,23], polyhedral chains of lanthanide trihalides [24,25], twisted 1D Co 2 I 4 double chains with tetrahedral Co 2+ coordination [26], a new trigonal tubular form of HgTe [27], reduced coordination polymorphs of PbI 2 [28], alloys [29,30] and semiconductor liquid-metal heterojunctions [31] have also been encapsulated within CNTs. Further, ab initio theory has been used to either predict or explain the formation of some of the above and several other encapsulated species, for example, silver atoms [32], hydrogen molecules [33] and ice crystals [34,35].…”

Recent developments in inorganically filled carbon nanotubes: successes and challenges

“…In the following years, increasing effort was directed to the application of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) as templates for one-dimensional nanowires. This culminated in the discovery of several filling methods and the encapsulation of a broad range of substances that included biomolecules and carbides [10,11]. Additionally, single-walled CNTs (SWCNT) was also explored with the first report of metal halide fillings published in 1998 [12].…”