Youth gangs and unions: Civil and criminal remedies

Hughes, Lorine A.; Short, James F.

doi:10.1007/s12117-006-1014-7

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…But it is also apparent in other local groups such as La Familia and Zulu Nation. This observation contradicts much of the literature wherein it is forcefully argued that gangs and any form of transcending, 'progressive' politics do not mix (see Short, 1967;Jacobs, 1977;Katz, 1988;Hughes and Short, 2004). To better indicate what can easily be deemed 'political' about these groups, I will briefly mention four areas of their practices.…”

Section: Gangs As Social Movements and Subcultures Of Hopementioning

confidence: 90%

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Beyond social reproduction

Brotherton

2008

Theoretical Criminology

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Researchers and theorists have described violent street gang subcultures in the USA as a response to the intersecting forces of marginalization inflicted on minority communities. Most gang scholars agree that the urban youth street gang is the quintessential example of social reproduction at work. While evidence can be mustered to defend such a position, it is important to consider how street gangs may constitute counter-hegemonic forms of both individual and collective resistance. In this article, I concentrate on the theoretical questions posed by such a perspective. My argument is that the open-ended view of earlier criminologists has been discarded and a pathological view of gang behavior holds sway. While this latter perspective may apply to some gangs, it does not pertain to all such subcultures. Based on my own and other studies, I advocate a return to resistance-based theory informed by literatures not normally consulted in gang criminology.

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Section: Gangs As Social Movements and Subcultures Of Hopementioning

confidence: 90%

“…7. According to Hughes and Short (2004) little attention is paid to the re-entry of ex-prison gang members at all, which is remarkable given how much 'culture of control' (Garland, 2001) paradigms dominate funded criminal justice research.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond social reproduction

Brotherton

2008

Theoretical Criminology

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“…Much of the scholarly literature regarding how charismatic leadership influences group formation has focused on theoretical explanation and description of these phenomena. Research in criminology has touched upon the role of charismatic leadership as relevant to studies of ethnic and youth gangs (Hughes and Short 2006;Brown and Wilson 2007), Asian organized crime groups (Lindberg et al 1998), and some drug gangs (Paoli 2004). Among the original theories of charismatic leadership is Max Weber's (1947) identification of the charismatic leader as one whose authority rested on the population's "devotion to the specific sanctity, heroism, or exemplary character of an individual person and of the normative pattern or order revealed by him" (Weber 1947:328).…”

Section: Charismatic Leadership As the Driving Cause Of Group Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charismatic Leadership and the Formation of Hate Groups

Breen

Frezza

2020

Int. ann. criminol.

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As of 2019, there were 940 hate groups known to be active in the United States. Previous examinations of hate groups have assumed formation. This paper uses simulation modeling to test Weber’s 1947 socio-political theory of charismatic leadership. Simulation modeling creates a computer simulation that simplifies people and their interactions to mimic a real-world event or phenomena. Three models of hate group formation were created to test this theory. These experiments test the importance of personal and societal levels of hate in group formation and the influence of charismatic leadership. These experiments also tested hypotheses regarding the number of groups that form, the speed of formation, and group size. Data were collected from 13,000 model iterations to test these hypotheses. All models successfully generated hate groups. Hate groups formed at all levels of societal hate. An in-depth understanding of how hate groups form may assist in slowing the proliferation of these groups and decreasing their appeal.

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“…A few of the Black gangs that began as play groups had developed age‐graded subgroups and were beginning to form alliances as super‐gangs and gang “nations” (Hagedorn, , ; Short, , ; Short and Moland, ). Some of these gangs eventually sought social legitimacy and political power, with limited success due to their own excesses and to vigorous (some would say repressive) governmental and law enforcement efforts (Hagedorn, ; see Hughes and Short, ). Others faded away quietly, replaced in many cases by newer Black and Hispanic gangs.…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Group Cohesiveness, Gang Member Prestige, and Delinquency and Violence in Chicago, 1959–1962

Hughes

2013

Criminology

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Data from Short and Strodtbeck's () study of gangs in Chicago, 1959–1962, are used to examine the association between intragang friendship networks and violent and delinquent behaviors among 248 boys from 11 different gangs (9 Black and 2 White). Contrary to expectations of tightly connected gangs being the most dangerous, estimates from multilevel overdispersed Poisson regression models showed significantly increased mean levels of violence among gangs with relatively low group cohesion. No relationship was observed between delinquency and gang cohesiveness, regardless of the specific network measure employed. At the individual level, popular boys were at a significantly increased risk for both delinquency and violence, suggesting a link between prestigious positions within the structure of gang friendship networks and conformity with group processes. The implications of these findings for detached worker intervention are discussed.

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Youth gangs and unions: Civil and criminal remedies

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Beyond social reproduction

Beyond social reproduction

Charismatic Leadership and the Formation of Hate Groups

Group Cohesiveness, Gang Member Prestige, and Delinquency and Violence in Chicago, 1959–1962

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