“…Despite the adoption of more positive disciplinary approaches in other child-populated domains, research on behaviour management in sport suggests that punishment continues to be used to modify athlete behaviour. For example, researchers have examined common forms of punishment used in sport, such as excessive exercise (e.g., push-ups or sprints until exhaustion), yelling, and benching (i.e., removal of playing time) as consequences of perceived undesirable behaviour (e.g., poor attitude, arriving late, and inadequate performances) [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Collectively, these punitive methods have been associated with negative outcomes for youth athletes, which include but are not limited to fatigue, injuries, negative perceptions of the self, tarnished sport relationships, impaired learning, and a lack of desire to continue playing [ 19 , 20 , 23 ].…”