Young Stroke Mortality in Fiji Islands: An Economic Analysis of National Human Capital Resource Loss

Maharaj, Jagdish C.; Reddy, Mahendra

doi:10.5402/2012/802785

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the above ARDL regressions, k is the optimum number of lags selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The joint null hypotheses for testing the long-run relationship among the variables in Eqs (7) and (8) are stated as follows: The null hypotheses for testing the long-run relationship are ; 1 = ; 2 = ; 3 = ; 4 = ; 5 = 0 for Eq (7) and φ 1 = φ 2 = φ 3 =φ 4 = φ 5 = φ 6 = φ 7 = 0 for Eq (8).…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The burden of NCD-related deaths on Fiji’s output is under-researched, despite the high rate of NCD prevalence and mortality. Some of studies involving cost-of-illness analysis estimated FJ$8.8 million in cost arising from stroke mortality among young people [ 8 ] and approximately FJ$49 million in output loss from rheumatic heart disease related premature mortality annually [ 9 ]. These studies have been influential on the cost of NCDs in Fiji; however, they only provide cost estimate of specific type of NCD mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The economic burden of non-communicable disease mortality in the South Pacific: Evidence from Fiji

2020

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Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as one of the major endemics in Fiji which is responsible for more than 80 percent of deaths annually. In this study, we estimate the economic burden of non-communicable disease mortality in Fiji. The specific impact of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease and cancer-related mortality on Fiji's output is also investigated using the autoregressive distributed lag bounds tests approach to cointegration. The data used is compiled from Fiji Ministry of Health and Medical Services and World Health Organization's Mortality database. Overall, the study finds that NCD mortality rate together with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease and cancer have a significant negative effect on output per capita of Fiji between 1972 and 2016. A one percentage point increase in NCD-mortality rate reduced output per capita by 0.012 percent. In addition, a percentage point increase in the mortality rates of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease and cancer decreased output per capita by 0.018, 0.01, 0.031, and 0.035 percent, respectively. The findings conclude that NCD poses significant economic burden in Fiji and recommend policy innovations in lessening the high risk of NCD among the Fijian population.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic burden of non-communicable disease mortality in the South Pacific: Evidence from Fiji

2020

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“…Research has shown a more 'modern' dietary pattern to be associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Pacific Islanders (DiBello et al, 2009) and the ongoing dietary transition has contributed to dramatic rises in prevalence of obesity and NCDs, creating major health and economic challenges (Anderson, 2012;DiBello et al, 2009;Maharaj & Reddy, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing fruit and vegetable intake among urban Fijians: A qualitative study

et al. 2016

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“…Early mortality and disability removes people from the work force. Studies from Fiji have provided evidence that the high economic burden is borne by Fiji from mortality due to stroke among young adults in terms of annual human capital loss [24, 25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroke Epidemiology in Oceania: A Review

Venketasubramanian

2021

Neuroepidemiology

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Background and Purpose: Oceania, comprising the regions Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, is home to 42 million living in 8.5 million square kilometres of land. This paper comprises a review of the epidemiology of stroke in countries in this region. Methods: Information on epidemiology of stroke in Oceania was sought from data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (incidence, mortality, incidence:mortality ratio [IMR], prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs] lost due to stroke, and subtypes), World Health Organization (WHO) (vascular risk factors in the community), and PubMed (incidence, prevalence, and stroke subtypes). Data were analyzed by region to allow inter-country comparison within each region. Results: In 2010, age- and sex-standardized stroke mortality rates were lowest in Australasia (29.85–31.67/100,000) and highest in Melanesia and Micronesia (56.04–187.56/100,000), with wide ranges especially in Melanesia. Incidence rates were lowest in Australasia (101.36–105.54/100,000), similarly high elsewhere. Standardized IMR (0.98–3.39) was the inverse of the mortality rates and mirrored the prevalence rates (202.91–522.29/100,000). DALY rates (398.22–3,781.78/100,0000) mirrored the mortality rates. Stroke risk factors show a variable pattern – hypertension is generally the most common medical risk factor among males (18.0–26.6%), while among females, diabetes mellitus is the most common in Micronesia and Polynesia (21.5–28.4%). Among the lifestyle factors, current smoking is the most common in Melanesia among males, while obesity is generally the most common factor among females. Ischaemic stroke comprises 70% of stroke subtypes. Trend data show significant falls in standardized mortality rates and DALYs in most regions and falls in incidence in almost all countries. There is significant economic impact, particularly due to young strokes; some ethnicities are at higher risk than others, for example, Maoris and Pacific Islanders. Conclusions: Stroke is a major healthcare problem in Oceania. Variations in stroke epidemiology are found between countries in Oceania. Data are lacking in some; more research into the burden of stroke in Oceania is needed. With the expected increase in life expectancy and vascular risk factors, the burden of stroke in Oceania will likely rise. Some of the disparities in stroke burden may be addressed by great investment in healthcare.

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Young Stroke Mortality in Fiji Islands: An Economic Analysis of National Human Capital Resource Loss

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

The economic burden of non-communicable disease mortality in the South Pacific: Evidence from Fiji

The economic burden of non-communicable disease mortality in the South Pacific: Evidence from Fiji

Factors influencing fruit and vegetable intake among urban Fijians: A qualitative study

Stroke Epidemiology in Oceania: A Review

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