‘You can’t go without a fag . . . you need it for your hash’—a qualitative exploration of smoking, cannabis and young people

Amos, Amanda; Wiltshire, Susan; Bostock, Yvonne; Haw, Sally; McNeill, Ann

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00531.x

Cited by 196 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This risk of increased cigarette involvement attributable to cannabis-related behaviors has been investigated in a number of observational, clinical and epidemiological studies (Amos et al, 2004;Ford et al, 2002;Gourlay et al, 1994;Highet, 2004;Patton et al, 2005;Sartor et al, 2007;Timberlake et al, 2007). Our findings closely parallel these results, demonstrating that a self-reported lifetime use of cannabis that precedes RS and/or ND is significantly related to transitions from initiation to RS and from RS to ND, even after controlling for covariates from the behavioral disinhibition and negative affect regulation spectrum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…For instance, Highet (2004) found that in boys aged 13-15, cannabis use encouraged their tobacco smoking and that participants reported difficulty quitting tobacco smoking due to the use of tobacco in their marijuana joints even when they were attempting to quit tobacco use. Another study found that cannabis use significantly impeded self-reported attempts to quit smoking cigarettes, despite the acknowledgement that cigarette smoking was harmful (Amos et al, 2004). In a clinical sample, Gourlay et al (1994), reported that cannabis use was negatively associated with sustained smoking cessation subsequent to an intervention involving transdermal nicotine and behavioral counseling.…”

Section: The Effects Of Cannabis Use On Tobacco Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…most commonly smoked in cigarette/joint) (A. Agrawal and M. T. Lynskey, personal communication). Indeed, participants of several focus group studies (Amos et al, 2004;Highet, 2004) reported that using common paraphernalia to smoke cannabis and tobacco make the two activities inseparable. Smoking blunts has also recently gained popularity (Golub et al, 2005;Golub et al, 1999;Kelly, 2005).…”

Section: The Reverse Gatewaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transitions to regular smoking and to nicotine dependence in women using cannabis

Agrawal

Madden

Bucholz

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-While there is substantial support in the literature for an increased prevalence of cannabis use in cigarette smokers, emerging studies allude to the possibility that cannabis users may, in turn, be at significantly elevated risk for rapid transitions in their cigarette smoking trajectories. If there is evidence in its favor, the increased rates of cigarette smoking in cannabis users may prove to be the most significant public health problem associated with cannabis use.Methods-In a sample of 3,787 female twins (age range 18-29 years), we examined, using discretetime survival analyses, whether women who reported cannabis use were at increased risk for regular cigarette smoking and progression to nicotine dependence.Results-After controlling for a large number of potential covariates, we found that women who used cannabis were at 4.4 and 2.8 increased hazards for transitioning from initiation to regular smoking and from regular smoking to nicotine dependence respectively.Conclusions-Cannabis use is associated with transitions to more involved stages of cigarette smoking in women. This is a source of public health concern, first due to the high mortality associated with cigarette smoking and second, due to the high prevalence of cannabis use in the general population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: The Effects Of Cannabis Use On Tobacco Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Reverse Gatewaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transitions to regular smoking and to nicotine dependence in women using cannabis

Agrawal

Madden

Bucholz

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…To help remedy this concern, future studies should utilize a multimethod assessment approach. Third, although co-varying for alcohol use problems did not affect the pattern of findings in the present sample, empirical research indicates smoking is correlated with other types of drug/alcohol use and problems (Amos et al, 2004) and individuals with panic-related problems may use multiple types of psychoactive substances . Thus, a key issue to address in future research is whether and how other types of substances (e.g., marijuana) affect the ASpanic association, and how polysubstance use relates to panic vulnerability.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Anxiety sensitivity as a moderator of association between smoking status and panic-related processes in a representative sample of adults

Zvolensky

Kotov

Bonn‐Miller

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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The present investigation evaluated a moderational role of anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety and anxiety-related states; McNally, 2002) in the relation between smoking status and anxiety/depressive symptoms in a Russian epidemiological sample (n = 390; 197 females, Mean age = 43.55). Consistent with prediction, anxiety sensitivity moderated the association of smoking status with indices of anxiety and depressive symptoms; the effects were evident after controlling for the variance accounted for by alcohol use problems, environmental stress (past month), and gender. These findings are discussed with regard to the role of anxiety sensitivity in etiologic connection between smoking and panic-related processes. KeywordsSmoking; Panic; Anxiety; Comorbidity; Anxiety Sensitivity; Depression Research has increasingly highlighted clinically significant relations between smoking and anxiety symptoms (e.g., intensity of anxiety symptoms) and certain disorders (McCabe et al., 2004). Of the anxiety disorders, there appears to be a notable association between smoking and panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia (see Zvolensky & Bernstein, 2005;Zvolensky, Feldner et al., 2005, for reviews). For instance, epidemiological (Lasser et al., 2000), community (Hayward et al., 1989), and clinical (Baker-Morissette et al., in press;Himle et al., 1988;Pohl et al., 1992) studies have found that smoking is more common among those with panic-related problems (i.e., panic attacks, panic disorder, and agoraphobia) compared to those Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Michael J. Zvolensky, Ph.D. Dr. Zvolensky can be contacted at The University of Vermont, Department of Psychology, 2 Colchester Avenue, John Dewey Hall, Burlington,. Electronic mail may be sent to Michael.Zvolensky@uvm.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript without such problems. Other work has found that smoking increases the risk for developing panic attacks and panic disorder in the future (Breslau & Klein, 1999;Breslau et al., 2004;Johnson et al., 2000;Isensee et al., 2003) and may exacerbate (concurrently) the severity of such anxiety problems Zvolensky, Kotov et al., 2003;Zvolensky, Schmidt, & McCreary, 2003) Although promising, considerably less is known as to whether other panic-related risk factors may influence the relation between smoking and panic processes (i.e., moderational effects; Ising, 2006). In a moderational model, the association between smoking and panic is dependent o...

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“…As such, focus groups were considered an appropriate method, allowing for social interaction and debate amongst peer groups, which can be useful in encouraging critical discussion amongst disempowered populations (Barbour 2008, Kitzinger 1995, Hyde et al 2005). In addition focus groups have successfully been used with young people to discuss sensitive health related behaviours, such as drinking behaviour (Johnson 2010), smoking (Robinson 2010), and drug use (Amos 2004). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered forms of responsibility and control in teenagers' views of alcohol

Laverty

Robinson

Holdsworth

2015

Journal of Youth Studies

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There has been a shift in the most recent UK Government's Alcohol Strategy (2012) from personal responsibility towards a model of shared responsibility for young people's drinking. On closer examination of the strategy however, it appears that rather than exonerating young people from blame, governance is merely extended to include wider partners. Using findings from nine focus groups with young people in Liverpool, UK, we explore who they believe are responsible for their drinking behaviours and how they learn to become 'good drinkers'. Our findings show that while teenagers' were aware of dominant alcohol related messages and maintained a moral position as responsible citizens; they also negotiated and resisted norms about teenage drinking. Although both boys and girls agreed that parents were the primary responsible authority for regulating their drinking, there was gendered disagreement about personal responsibility. The girls described how they were ultimately responsible for any adverse consequences if they drank too much whilst the boys considered a wide range of partners who would be implicated. However, unlike the girls, the boys described a willingness to either abstain or moderate their alcohol intake in order to remain in control and avoid any alcohol related trouble or harm.Word Count: 7699 4

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‘You can’t go without a fag . . . you need it for your hash’—a qualitative exploration of smoking, cannabis and young people

Cited by 196 publications

References 16 publications

Transitions to regular smoking and to nicotine dependence in women using cannabis

Transitions to regular smoking and to nicotine dependence in women using cannabis

Anxiety sensitivity as a moderator of association between smoking status and panic-related processes in a representative sample of adults

Gendered forms of responsibility and control in teenagers' views of alcohol

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