“…Business failures are affecting city retail precincts as many shoppers stay away, showing a preference for shopping online or in out-of-town centres. As stores close and people lose employment, the future of retail as a primary driver for city visitation is uncertain Tunca and Anselmsson, 2019). Clearly, few retail stores exist in isolation (Hart et al, 2013) so retail agglomeration in cities is important for individual business success (Teller and Elms, 2012;Teller, Alexander et al, 2016), and for contributing to the broader economic prosperity for city and town centres.…”