Yogurt Benefits Bone Mineralization in Ovariectomized Rats with Concomitant Modulation of the Gut Microbiome

Abstract

Scope: Evidence supports that gut-modulating foods potentially can suppress bone loss in postmenopausal women. This study aims to investigate the effect of milk calcium-enriched milk, yogurt, and yogurt-inulin combination on the gut-bone association. Methods and results: A 6-week intervention study is conducted in ovariectomized rats. Four pastes containing milk calcium-fortified milk (M-Ca), milk calcium-fortified yogurt (Y-Ca), inulin-fortified Y-Ca (Y-I-Ca), or an isoconcentration of calcium carbonate (Ca-N), and a calcium-deficient paste are provided. M-Ca does not influence bone mineral density and content (BMD and BMC), femur mechanical strength, or femoral microstructure compared to Ca-N, but Y-Ca increases spine BMD. The serum metabolome reveals that Y-Ca modulated glycine-related pathways with reduced glycine, serine, and threonine. No additive effects of yogurt and inulin are found on bone parameters. Correlation analysis shows that increased lactobacilli and reduced Clostridiaceae members in Y-Ca is associated with an increased spine BMD. Increases in Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Turicibacter, Blautia, and Allobaculum and gut short-chain fatty acids in Y-I-Ca are not reflected in bone parameters. Conclusion: Yogurt as calcium vehicle contributes to increased spine BMD concomitant with changes in the gut microbiome and glycine-related pathways, while adding inulin to yogurt does not affect bone mineralization in ovariectomized rats.

The effect of colonic pH on microbial activity and metabolite production using common prebiotics as substrates: anin vitrostudy

“…1 H NMR spectroscopy of collected fermenta was performed using Bruker Avance IVDr NMR spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin, Rheinstetten, Germany) equipped with a 5 mm 1 H-optimized double resonance broad-band probe and operating at a frequency of 600.13 MHz for 1 H. Samples for 1 H NMR spectroscopy were prepared according to a procedure described by He et.al 42 with minor modifications. In brief, 500 µL of fermentation sample was vortexed and filtered by centrifugation at 4 ℃, 14 000 g for 30 minutes using Amicon Ultrafilters (Merck Millipore Ltd., Cork, Ireland), and 300 µL supernatant was mixed with 300 µL phosphate buffer in D 2 O (pH 7.4) containing trimethylsilylpropanoic acid (TSP) (0.01% w/w) in 5 mm NMR tubes.…”

“…Samples for 1 H NMR spectroscopy were prepared according to a procedure described by He et.al 42 with minor modifications. In brief, 500 µL of fermentation sample was vortexed and filtered by centrifugation at 4 ℃, 14 000 g for 30 minutes using Amicon Ultrafilters (Merck Millipore Ltd., Cork, Ireland), and 300 µL supernatant was mixed with 300 µL phosphate buffer in D2O (pH 7.4) containing trimethylsilylpropanoic acid (TSP) (0.01% w/w) in 5 mm NMR tubes.…”

NMR foodomics in the assessment of diet and effects beyond nutrients

“…By the application of NMR metabolomics on both feces and blood plasma, the study was successful in demonstrating that inclusion of inulin in a meat sausage product stimulates bacterial fermentation in the gut as reflected in increases in fecal content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and plasma content of acetate [23]. Later NMR foodomics studies have subsequently substantiated the potential of inulin to stimulate SCFAs production in the gut where inclusion of inulin in both general diets and in a yogurt matrix has been shown to increase SCFAs production [24 ▪ ,25 ▪ ]. In addition, NMR foodomics has also contributed to document how inclusion of other dietary ingredients or components such as dietary fiber [26], polysaccharides [27,28], polydextrose [29 ▪ ], anthocyanins [30 ▪ ] and chick pea extract [31 ▪ ] stimulate metabolic activity in the gut (Table 1).…”

“…The study did not report baseline analyses, which is a weakness, however, the study is novel in its combination of NMR and LC-MS analyses and the application of pathways analysis to unravel possible metabolic pathways affected by yogurt consumption. He et al [25 ▪ ] also used NMR metabolomics as a tool in a study of yogurt intake. This study used a rat model to investigate yogurt as a superior vehicle to secure a high calcium bioavailability and bone mineralization.…”

“…This study used a rat model to investigate yogurt as a superior vehicle to secure a high calcium bioavailability and bone mineralization. NMR metabolomics analyses of both serum and intestinal content were a pivotal tool to unravel serum metabolites linked to bone mineralization and metabolic activity in the gastrointestinal tract [25 ▪ ].…”