Yield and injury effects on vegetable crops planted in flumetsulam-treated soil

O'Sullivan, James; Thomas, Robert J.; Bouw, W.J.

doi:10.4141/p98-079

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…At 70 DAT, plant height was measured, and above-and belowground biomasses were harvested. Plant material was dried for 7 d at 70 C. Although the presented research did not collect crop yield data, previous reports have shown yield data responds similarly with the evaluated parameters (Everitt and Keeling 2009;O'Sullivan et al 1999;Pfleeger et al 2011). Plant harvest data were converted to percent reduction relative to the nontreated within a replicate using the equation…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Simulated Indaziflam Drift Rates on Various Plant Species

2014

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Indaziflam is a PRE herbicide for control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in numerous settings, including managed roadsides, railroads, and noncroplands. There is a need for new and improved PRE herbicides for herbaceous vegetation management along roadsides; however, off-target crop injury via spray drift is a concern because of the close proximity of roadside applications to the wide array of crops grown throughout the southeastern United States where indaziflam is used. Greenhouse research was conducted to evaluate the effect of PRE and POST simulated indaziflam spray drift rates on the growth of cotton, bell pepper, soybean, squash, tobacco, and tomato. Simulated indaziflam spray drift rates were 100, 20, 10, 5, or 2.5% of a 73 g ai ha−1 application rate, whereas other herbicide treatments included for comparative purposes were applied at 10% of a typical North Carolina roadside vegetation management application rate. These included sulfometuron (4 g ai ha−1), aminocyclopyrachlor + metsulfuron (11 + 3.5 g ai ha−1), clopyralid + triclopyr (21 + 63 g ai ha−1), or aminopyralid (12 g ai ha−1). In general, plant growth responses varied among herbicides and application timings. Across all evaluated parameters, indaziflam at the 10% simulated drift rate adversely effected plant growth similarly or less than all other herbicides when applied PRE (squash and tomato), POST (bell pepper and soybean), and PRE or POST (cotton and tobacco). No clear trends were observed regarding indaziflam application timing, as PRE squash and tomato, and POST bell pepper and soybean applications were safer than their respective alternative timing, and no significant differences were detected between timings on cotton or tobacco. Across application timings, plant susceptibility to indaziflam-simulated spray drift rates ranked cotton < tobacco < tomato < squash < pepper < soybean. Finally, it should be noted that the lowest simulated indaziflam drift rate (2.5%) caused greater than 20% root mass reduction on cotton (POST), bell pepper (PRE and POST), soybean (PRE and POST), squash (PRE), and tomato (POST). Although this research supports indaziflam use along roadsides, it still poses an off-target plant injury risk. Future research should evaluate techniques to minimize spray drift from roadside pesticide applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Simulated Indaziflam Drift Rates on Various Plant Species

2014

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“…Flumetsulam is a sulfonanilide herbicide which inhibits the Acetolactate Synthase enzyme (ALS) and in particular, the formation of the amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine. This herbicide was expected to show phytotoxicity in Tobacco as broadleaf crops are known to be sensitive (O'Sullivan, Thomas & Bouw 1999) even to carry over residues (Noy & Hollaway 1999). Dual Magnum (Metolachlor), 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide, inhibits the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Time and Rate of Application of Bateleur Gold (S-Metolachlor + Flumetsulam) on Phytotoxicity and Weed Control Efficacy in Flue-cured Tobacco

Mazarura¹

2013

GJPBCS

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Herbicides are usually the first line of defence against weeds and form a formidable pair with mechanical control whether with machinery of hand hoeing. Due to the risk of weed resistance to herbicide control and environmental contamination, there is continuous need for new chemicals to be tested for control of weeds. In this work, the herbicide Bateleur Gold, a factory premix of s-metolachlor and flumetsulam was evaluated to establish the time and rate of application that would give efficacious weed control without causing phytotoxicity. In the first year, the herbicide was included in a screening trial comprising twelve herbicides arranged in a randomised complete block design. After good efficacy when applied immediately after planting, it was selected for further development. In the second year, in a split plot design with four blocks and four treatments, it was applied at 0.455 kg a.i ha -1 applied just after holing out (a.h.o) and at the same rate immediately after planting (i.a.p). A positive control Dual Magnum (smetolachlor) at 2.2 kg a.i.ha -1 i.a.p was used as a check and an untreated control was included. This trial showed that applied a.h.o, Bateleur Gold neither stunted Tobacco nor reduced yield but somewhat reduced weed efficacy especially overall (total weeds) nor grasses while the i.a.p. was ideal and showed no phytotoxicity and had good weed efficacy. In the third year, the i.a.p time of application was tested in a similar design but now more rates of Bateleur Gold were tested. The rates were, Bateleur Gold at 0.455, 0.92, 1.365 and 1.82 kg a.i.ha -1. Dual Magnum at 2.2 kg a.i.ha -1 i.a.p was again included as a check. This work confirmed the potential of the herbicide as a broad spectrum material and showed that the best rate that would ensure broad spectrum control was 0.92 kg a.i.ha-1. Further research could look at application of this material in irrigation water in order to cater for those farmers with centre pivots. In addition, although application a.h.o. does not cause stunting of Tobacco; more work may be needed to show this with greater confidence.

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