Yellow fever vaccine

Monath, Thomas P.; Gershman, Mark D.; Staples, J. Erin; Barrett, Alan D.T.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0090-5.00043-4

Cited by 78 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 643 publications

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“…Additionally, YFV-17D RNA was only detected in approximately half of patients with fatal YFV-AVD (Bae et al, 2008;Monath et al, 2013;ter Meulen et al, 2004). Similarly, we found that viral titres at disease onset did not correlate with disease outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…However, a few YFV-AND cases have been fatal with virus recovered from brain tissues and the YFV-17D genome detected in the cerebral spinal fluid (Anonymous,1966;Kengsakul et al, 2002;Monath et al, 2013). The pathogenesis of YFV-AVD is similar to severe WT YFV infection with high case-fatality rates characterized by viral replication in numerous visceral tissues and liver histopathology (Belsher et al, 2007;Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002;Cetron et al, 2002;Chan et al, 2001;Gerasimon & Lowry, 2005;Martin et al, 2001;Monath et al, 2013;Vasconcelos et al, 2001). Evaluation of the immune response in a few cases of YFV-17D-associated adverse events found elevated levels of liver enzymes and cytokines similar to WT YFV infection (Bae et al, 2008;Silva et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectrum of disease outcomes in mice infected with YFV-17D

Erickson

Pfeiffer

2015

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of disease outcomes in mice infected with YFV-17D

Erickson

Pfeiffer

2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…1 The IgM antibody levels usually peak by 2 weeks postvaccination and decline over several months. 3,4 By 30 days postvaccination, 99-100% of vaccinees will have YF virus-specific neutralizing antibodies that can persist for decades. 3,5,6 Testing of serum samples collected from ill travelers who have returned from YF-endemic areas periodically reveals YF IgM and neutralizing antibodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, the majority of YF virus infections are asymptomatic. Clinical disease ranges from a mild, undifferentiated febrile illness to severe jaundice and hemorrhage 3 ; the case-fatality ratio of severe YF is 20-50%. Because no treatment is available, prevention of infection through personal protective measures and vaccination is critical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Anti-Yellow Fever Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibodies at 3–4 Years Following Yellow Fever Vaccination

Gibney¹,

Edupuganti²,

Panella³

et al. 2012

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The YFV-17D vaccine comprises a highly efficacious, live attenuated virus that causes an acute infection and stimulates a robust immune response conferring lifelong protection against the yellow fever virus (YFV) (28,29). Because yellow fever is not endemic to the United States, immunization with YFV-17D induces a primary immune response (30, 31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial viral load determines the magnitude of the human CD8 T cell response to yellow fever vaccination

Akondy

Johnson²,

Nakaya

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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CD8 T cells are a potent tool for eliminating intracellular pathogens and tumor cells. Thus, eliciting robust CD8 T-cell immunity is the basis for many vaccines under development. However, the relationship between antigen load and the magnitude of the CD8 T-cell response is not well-described in a human immune response. Here we address this issue by quantifying viral load and the CD8 T-cell response in a cohort of 80 individuals immunized with the live attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YFV-17D) by sampling peripheral blood at days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 30, and 90. When the virus load was below a threshold (peak virus load < 225 genomes per mL, or integrated virus load < 400 genome days per mL), the magnitude of the CD8 T-cell response correlated strongly with the virus load (R 2 ∼ 0.63). As the virus load increased above this threshold, the magnitude of the CD8 T-cell responses saturated. Recent advances in CD8 T-cell-based vaccines have focused on replication-incompetent or single-cycle vectors. However, these approaches deliver relatively limited amounts of antigen after immunization. Our results highlight the requirement that T-cellbased vaccines should deliver sufficient antigen during the initial period of the immune response to elicit a large number of CD8 T cells that may be needed for protection.vaccines | human CD8 T cells | viral load | effector T cells | immune memory C D8 T cells provide a powerful mechanism for elimination of intracellular pathogens and tumor cells. Accordingly, a major thrust of current vaccine research focuses on stimulating robust T-cell immunity for defense against infections such as HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, Ebola virus, herpes viruses, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) (1-8). Inducing effective CD8 T-cell immunity is also an important goal for cancer vaccines (9, 10). However, how antigen load affects the CD8 T-cell response has not been quantified in a detailed manner during a human immune response. In this study we address this question using the human live attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YFV-17D) vaccine.The dynamics of CD8 T-cell responses to intracellular infection have been extensively studied in model systems. Infection typically stimulates a rapid burst of proliferation in antigenspecific CD8 T cells with division occurring as quickly as once in 4-6 h (11). This expansion results in a large population of effector CD8 T cells that aid in clearance of infected cells. Although most (90-95%) of the effector CD8 T cells die, a small fraction differentiate to form long-term memory CD8 T cells (12). Detailed quantitative measurements of the dynamics of virus and the CD8 T-cell response to the YFV-17D vaccine allow us to characterize these basic features of the CD8 T-cell responses in humans. Additionally, tracking the dynamics of both virus and CD8 T cells over time in a large cohort allows us to explore the relationship between amount of antigen and the magnitude of expansion and answer the following questions: Is there a threshold amount of virus required to generate a r...

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Yellow fever vaccine

Cited by 78 publications

References 643 publications

Spectrum of disease outcomes in mice infected with YFV-17D

Spectrum of disease outcomes in mice infected with YFV-17D

Detection of Anti-Yellow Fever Virus Immunoglobulin M Antibodies at 3–4 Years Following Yellow Fever Vaccination

Initial viral load determines the magnitude of the human CD8 T cell response to yellow fever vaccination

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