Yellow fever, dengue fever and West Nile viruses co-circulation in Ogbomoso

Abstract

Arboviruses are an emerging threat of significant impact on human health and well-being. With increasing proportion of the world living in urban environments, inadvertently, there is the creation of better habitats for vector species. This study is aimed at establishing the occurrence of arboviruses within Ogbomoso, with a view to providing baseline data for further study. Ninety-three plasma samples from consenting individuals in the age range 1-75 years were collected and screened for IgM to dengue fever (DENV), West Nile (WNV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses using third generation Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (WKEA Med Supplies Corp, China) kits. An overall prevalence of 52.7% (49/93) were recorded from the recruited individuals. IgM antibodies to Dengue, Yellow fever and West Nile viruses were found in 16/49 (17.2%), 16/49 (17.2%) and 17/49 (18.3%), respectively. High prevalence were recorded in the age groups 16-30, 31-45 and 61-75 years. Gender analysis of the positive samples showed higher prevalence among females than males. The result also showed high prevalence in urban settings than rural settings for DENV and WNV, however, for YNF, higher prevalence was found in the rural area. The prevalence of dual and trio arboviral infection showed 17.2% and 11.8% respectively. This study confirms the circulation of Dengue fever, Yellow fever and West Nile viruses in Ogbomoso and therefore suggest the need for public awareness on vector control.

Distribution Pattern and Prevalence of West Nile Virus Infection in Nigeria; 1950 to 2020 Systematic Review

“…However, they could manifest severe disease or death as a consequence of WNV infection [3]. Approximately 80% of WNV infections in humans inapparent, while in other persons, WNV manifest produces flu-like malaise and severe neuroinvasive disorders which currently have no specific cure [4]. Less than 1% of WNV infected persons constitutes the severe forms of WNV disease [4].…”

“…Approximately 80% of WNV infections in humans inapparent, while in other persons, WNV manifest produces flu-like malaise and severe neuroinvasive disorders which currently have no specific cure [4]. Less than 1% of WNV infected persons constitutes the severe forms of WNV disease [4]. The severity of the disorders in these latter group of individuals is influenced by age, immune status and terminal comorbidities [4].…”

“…Less than 1% of WNV infected persons constitutes the severe forms of WNV disease [4]. The severity of the disorders in these latter group of individuals is influenced by age, immune status and terminal comorbidities [4].…”

“…The non-neurotropic form of WNV infection could either be mild or critical with the incubation period from 3-14 days. This is usually accompanied by pyrexia, anorexia, body aches, swollen lymph nodes, muscle and joint pains [4]. Although the pathogenesis of WNV infections is yet to E p u b a h e a d o f p r i n t be completely comprehended, certain studies reveal the involvement of the hosts' genetic factors as a predisposing factor for severe WNV disease [6].…”

“…Since the first discovery of the virus in 1937 in the West Nile district of Uganda [6], it has undergone significant geographical spread around the world through activities such as globalization, land-use and international travels [6]. Infection with WNV was first identified in Nigeria in the 1950s [4,7]. Since then, infection with the virus has been reported in many parts of Nigeria and subsequently in several other countries across the sub-Saharan African region [7].…”