Yeast as a protein source during smoltification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), enhances performance and modulates health

Sahlmann, Christian; Djordjevic, Brankica; Lagos, Leidy; Mydland, Liv Torunn; Morales‐Lange, Byron; Ånestad, Ragnhild; Mercado, Luís; Bjelanovic, Milena; Press, Charles McL.; Øverland, Margareth

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734396

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…(70,71). It has been reported that feeding Atlantic salmon with a Candida utilis-supplemented diet increases the expression of aquaporin-8ab (aqp8ab) and modulates the expression other immune-related genes, indicating that inclusion of yeast in fish diets may enhance their performance and health status (72). The differential expression of aquaporins aqp8a and aqp9b in our study point to their possible role in modulating the immune response upon yeast exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Pseudozyma Priming Influences Expression of Genes Involved in Metabolic Pathways and Immunity in Zebrafish Larvae

et al. 2020

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Fungi, particularly yeasts, are known essential components of the host microbiota but their functional relevance in development of immunity and physiological processes of fish remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used a transcriptomic approach and a germ-free (GF) fish model to determine the response of newly hatched zebrafish larvae after 24 h exposure to Pseudozyma sp. when compared to conventionally-raised (CR) larvae. We observed 59 differentially expressed genes in Pseudozyma-exposed GF zebrafish larvae compared to their naïve control siblings. Surprisingly, in CR larvae, there was not a clear transcriptome difference between Pseudozyma-exposed and control larvae. Differentially expressed genes in GF larvae were involved in host metabolic pathways, mainly peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, steroid hormone biosynthesis, drug metabolism and bile acid biosynthesis. We also observed a significant change in the transcript levels of immune-related genes, namely complement component 3a, galectin 2b, ubiquitin specific peptidase 21, and aquaporins. Nevertheless, we did not observe any significant response at the cellular level, since there were no differences between neutrophil migration or proliferation between control and yeast-exposed GF larvae. Our findings reveal that exposure to Pseudozyma sp. may affect metabolic pathways and immune-related processes in germ-free zebrafish, suggesting that commensal yeast likely play a significant part in the early development of fish larvae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Pseudozyma Priming Influences Expression of Genes Involved in Metabolic Pathways and Immunity in Zebrafish Larvae

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, feed intake was higher in one- to three-week-old broiler chickens fed with diets supplemented with 17% CP from bacterial meal than in those fed with control diets ( Schøyen et al., 2007a ). In the latter studies, yeast may have enhanced the palatability of the diets by stimulating umami taste receptors in taste buds ( Liu et al., 2018 ), in a similar way as in fish diets ( Kasumyan and Døving, 2003 , Sahlmann et al., 2019 ). However, this was not observed in our study, and to our knowledge, no studies relating feed intake to the palatability of yeast in broiler chicken diets are available; thus, further investigation is encouraged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source for broiler chickens: effects on growth performance and digestive function from hatching to 30 days of age

et al. 2020

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Europe is heavily dependent on imported feed protein sources such as soybean meal ( SBM ); thus, investigating local sustainable alternatives is crucial to increase self-sufficiency. This study evaluated the effects of the inactivated yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii grown on local lignocellulosic sugars on the growth performance and digestive function of Ross 308 broiler chickens. A total of 1,000 male chicks were allocated to 20 pens. There were 5 replicate pens with 50 birds each, from 1 to 30 D after hatch. The birds were offered one conventional wheat–oat–SBM–based control diet and 3 diets with increasing levels of C. jadinii replacing 10, 20, and 30% of dietary crude protein ( CP ), whereas SBM levels were gradually decreased. The feed intake and weight gain of the birds decreased linearly, and feed conversion ratio increased linearly ( P < 0.01) with increasing dietary levels of C. jadinii . Nevertheless, growth performance and feed intake were similar between the birds fed with control diets and diets containing 10% CP from C. jadinii in the starter and grower periods. The apparent ileal digestibility ( AID ) of dry matter, crude fat, organic matter, and carbohydrates was higher in control diets than in diets with 30% C. jadinii CP ( P < 0.05) and decreased ( P < 0.01) with incremental levels of dietary C. jadinii. Regardless, the AID of CP, starch, ash, and phosphorus was unaffected. Ileal villus height on day 10 was maintained in birds fed with diets containing 30% C. jadinii CP compared with the birds fed with control diets but was lower for birds fed with diets containing 10 and 20% C. jadinii protein ( P < 0.05). To conclude, up to 10% C. jadinii CP can replace SBM CP in broiler chicken diets, maintaining growth performance and digestive function, whereas higher levels of C. jadinii may decrease bird performance. Altogether, this suggests the potential of C. jadinii as a local-based protein source in broiler chicken diets, contributing to a more sustainable feed.

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“…Next, 50 μL of the primary antibody was added to each well and plates were incubated for 90 min at 37 °C. The primary antibodies used were as follows: monoclonal anti-IgD, monoclonal anti-IgM, polyclonal anti-IFNγ or polyclonal anti-IL-1β at 1:200 dilution as reported by Sahlmann, Djordjevic ( 36 ) and kindly donated by Dr. Luis Mercado. Next, 50 μL of a secondary antibody diluted to 1:7000 (goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP or mouse anti-rabbit IgG-HRP) was added and incubated for 60 min at 37°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Inclusion of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae Meal and Paste Improved Gut Health but Had Minor Effects on Skin Mucus Proteome and Immune Response in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)

et al. 2021

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The present study investigated effects of dietary inclusion of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) meal and paste on gut health, plasma biochemical parameters, immune response and skin mucus proteome in pre-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The seven-week experiment consisted of seven experimental diets: a control diet based on fishmeal and plant protein (Control-1); three BSFL meal diets, substituting 6.25% (6.25IM), 12.5% (12.5IM) and 25% (25IM) of protein; two BSFL paste diets, substituting 3.7% (3.7IP) and 6.7% (6.7IP) of protein and an extra control diet with 0.88% of formic acid (Control-2). The 6.25IM diet reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, improved distal intestine histology, and reduced IgM in distal intestine. The fish fed 12.5IM diet reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, improved distal intestine histology, had a higher plasma lysozyme content compared to 6.25IM, and tend to increase phagocytic activity in head-kidney macrophages-like cells. On the other hand, 25IM diet improved distal intestine histology, but showed mild-moderate enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, increased IFNγ and reduced IgM in distal intestine. In the case of BSFL paste diets, 3.7IP diet caused mild inflammatory changes in distal intestine, although it reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca. The 6.7IP diet reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca and improved distal intestine histology. Increasing level of BSFL meal in the diet linearly decreased plasma C-reactive protein, whereas increasing level of BSFL paste linearly increased plasma antioxidant capacity. Dietary inclusion of BSFL meal and paste had minor effects on the expression profile of proteins in skin mucus and no effects on immune markers in splenocytes. BSFL meal showed no negative effect on liver and muscle health as indicated by plasma alanine aminotranseferase, asparate aminotransferase and creatine kinase. The present study showed that replacing conventional protein sources with low to moderate levels of BSFL meal (6.25% and 12.5%) or paste (3.7% and 6.7%) reduced enterocyte steatosis in pyloric caeca, while replacing up to 25% with BSFL meal or 6.7% with paste improved distal intestine histology. Further, dietary inclusion of BSFL meal and paste had minor effects on skin mucus proteome and immune response in Atlantic salmon.

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Yeast as a protein source during smoltification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), enhances performance and modulates health

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Pseudozyma Priming Influences Expression of Genes Involved in Metabolic Pathways and Immunity in Zebrafish Larvae

Pseudozyma Priming Influences Expression of Genes Involved in Metabolic Pathways and Immunity in Zebrafish Larvae

Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source for broiler chickens: effects on growth performance and digestive function from hatching to 30 days of age

Dietary Inclusion of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae Meal and Paste Improved Gut Health but Had Minor Effects on Skin Mucus Proteome and Immune Response in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)

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