Yarrowia lipolytica as a model for bio-oil production

Béopoulos, Athanasios; Cescut, Julien; Haddouche, Ramdane; Uribelarrea, Jean‐Louis; Molina-Jouve, Carole; Nicaud, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2009.08.005

Cited by 629 publications

(514 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Yet, the genetic tractability of Y. lipolytica [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] coupled with its modest, innate de novo lipogenesis (B10-15% lipid content in wild type 13,14,[25][26][27] ) make it a potential candidate as a platform organism for superior lipid production.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Lipid biosynthesis is primarily initiated by the activity of four enzymes-AMP deaminase (AMPD), ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), malic enzyme (MAE) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)-that cooperatively divert carbon flux from central carbon metabolism towards fatty-acid precursors 15,26 . AMPD inhibits citric acid cycle flux to promote the accumulation of citrate, which is then cleaved into acetyl-CoA by ACL.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…AMPD inhibits citric acid cycle flux to promote the accumulation of citrate, which is then cleaved into acetyl-CoA by ACL. Fatty-acid synthesis is further encouraged by carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA fatty-acid building blocks by ACC and by an increased NADPH supply generated by MAE or the pentose phosphate pathway 15,26,28 (Fig. 1a).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Previous efforts to increase lipid accumulation have shown promise in Y. lipolytica. In particular, deletion of b-oxidation enzymes coupled with enhancing glycerol synthesis substantially increased ex novo lipid accumulation 15,26 and deletion of the pex10 peroxisomal biogenesis gene greatly increased eicosapentaenoic acid yields 33 . However, these studies have been limited by their breadth of metabolic control and their comprehensiveness of genotypic and phenotypic sampling towards complete redirection of metabolic flux towards lipid accumulation [13][14][15]25 .…”

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Harnessing Yarrowia lipolytica lipogenesis to create a platform for lipid and biofuel production

et al. 2014

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Economic feasibility of biosynthetic fuel and chemical production hinges upon harnessing metabolism to achieve high titre and yield. Here we report a thorough genotypic and phenotypic optimization of an oleaginous organism to create a strain with significant lipogenesis capability. Specifically, we rewire Yarrowia lipolytica's native metabolism for superior de novo lipogenesis by coupling combinatorial multiplexing of lipogenesis targets with phenotypic induction. We further complete direct conversion of lipid content into biodiesel. Tri-level metabolic control results in saturated cells containing upwards of 90% lipid content and titres exceeding 25 g l À 1 lipids, which represents a 60-fold improvement over parental strain and conditions. Through this rewiring effort, we advance fundamental understanding of lipogenesis, demonstrate non-canonical environmental and intracellular stimuli and uncouple lipogenesis from nitrogen starvation. The high titres and carbon-source independent nature of this lipogenesis in Y. lipolytica highlight the potential of this organism as a platform for efficient oleochemical production.

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Harnessing Yarrowia lipolytica lipogenesis to create a platform for lipid and biofuel production

et al. 2014

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“…As a result, decelerated cell growth will be observed. Furthermore, the C/N ratio constitutes another important factor that affects carbon flux distribution into either triacylglycerols or by-products, specifically citrate (10,22,23). When operating under the carbonrestrained mode established here, minor citrate production is observed when acetate concentration has not yet approached zero but once it has reached zero, citrate production ceases (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

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Application of metabolic controls for the maximization of lipid production in semicontinuous fermentation

Liu

Qiao

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Acetic acid can be generated through syngas fermentation, lignocellulosic biomass degradation, and organic waste anaerobic digestion. Microbial conversion of acetate into triacylglycerols for biofuel production has many advantages, including low-cost or even negative-cost feedstock and environmental benefits. The main issue stems from the dilute nature of acetate produced in such systems, which is costly to be processed on an industrial scale. To tackle this problem, we established an efficient bioprocess for converting dilute acetate into lipids, using the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica in a semicontinuous system. The implemented design used low-strength acetic acid in both salt and acid forms as carbon substrate and a cross-filtration module for cell recycling. Feed controls for acetic acid and nitrogen based on metabolic models and online measurement of the respiratory quotient were used. The optimized process was able to sustain high-density cell culture using acetic acid of only 3% and achieved a lipid titer, yield, and productivity of 115 g/L, 0.16 g/g, and 0.8 g·L −1 ·h −1 , respectively. No carbon substrate was detected in the effluent stream, indicating complete utilization of acetate. These results represent a more than twofold increase in lipid production metrics compared with the current best-performing results using concentrated acetic acid as carbon feed.lipid production | acetate | tangential filtration | dynamic modeling | exhaust gas analysis

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Oils from Microorganisms

Ratledge¹,

Wynn²

2020

Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products

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All microorganisms, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and algae, produce lipids. The range of fatty acids that can be sourced from the lipids produced by the microbial world is vast. Some microbial species (described as oleaginous species) produce large amounts – sometimes up to 70% of the cell mass – of triacylglycerol oils, which can be produced in large volumes, be extracted and processed using techniques similar to those used for conventional and commercially produced plant seed oils. These microbial products are known as the single cell oils (SCO). They have, on occasion, been considered as alternative sources to plant‐based oils. However, because of the high costs of fermentation technology needed to cultivate these microorganisms at a large scale, replacing commodity plant oils with SCO is uneconomical in the foreseeable future and only the highest valued microbial oils can be considered commercially viable. This article gives a brief background to microbial technology and gives examples of how SCOs were pioneered, as sources of gamma‐linolenic acid, as alternatives to evening primrose oil and borage oil, and for the production of cocoa butter equivalent oils for use in chocolate confectionery. Current commercial productions of arachidonic acid (20:4, n −6) using the filamentous fungus, Mortierella alpina , and of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6, n −3) by the marine dinoflagellate, Crypthecodinium cohnii , and by various chytrids, for example Schizochytrium spp., are described. The potential future microbial lipid production of oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5, n −3) using a photosynthetic microalga, Nannochloropsis spp., is also described. The article also covers the current developments for the production of EPA + DHA as facsimile fish oils and also for the production of SCO or oil‐rich microbial biomass to support the continued expansion of the aquaculture industry. The article also gives a brief discussion of the economic impossibility of using microorganisms, whether phototrophs or heterotrophs, for the production of biodiesel.

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Yarrowia lipolytica as a model for bio-oil production

Cited by 629 publications

References 77 publications

Harnessing Yarrowia lipolytica lipogenesis to create a platform for lipid and biofuel production

Harnessing Yarrowia lipolytica lipogenesis to create a platform for lipid and biofuel production

Application of metabolic controls for the maximization of lipid production in semicontinuous fermentation

Oils from Microorganisms

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