Y2O3 : Yb : Er-New Red-Emitting Infrared-Excited Phosphor

Wittke, J. P.; Ladany, I.; Yocom, P. N.

doi:10.1063/1.1661163

Cited by 70 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Unlike the green upconversion, the red upconversion benefits from several possible excitation mechanisms. 6,7 Multiphonon relaxation (MPR) from the upper 4 S 3/2 state and ETU from the lower intermediate 4 I 13/2 state are generally considered dominant at low infrared excitation densities because other mechanisms involving three photon processes 6,7 become important only at high infrared excitation densities, 8 which is not the topic of this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of efficient population of the red-emitting state from the green state by non-multiphonon relaxation in the Er3+–Yb3+ system

et al. 2015

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The rare earth Er 31 and Yb 31 codoped system is the most attractive for showcasing energy transfer upconversion. This system can generate green and red emissions from Er 31 under infrared excitation of the sensitizer Yb 31 . It is well known that the red-emitting state can be populated from the upper green-emitting state. The contribution of multiphonon relaxation to this population is generally considered important at low excitation densities. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the importance of a previously proposed but neglected mechanism described as a cross relaxation energy transfer from Er 31 to Yb 31 , followed by an energy back transfer within the same Er 31 -Yb 31 pair. A luminescence spectroscopy study of cubic Y 2 O 3 :Er 31 , Yb 31 indicates that this mechanism can be more efficient than multiphonon relaxation, and it can even make a major contribution to the red upconversion. The study also revealed that the energy transfers involved in this mechanism take place only in the nearest Er 31 -Yb 31 pairs, and thus, it is fast and efficient at low excitation densities. Our results enable a better understanding of upconversion processes and properties in the Er 31 -Yb 31 system. Light: Science & Applications (2015) 4, e239; doi:10.1038/lsa.2015.12; published online 16 January 2015 Keywords: energy transfer; erbium-ytterbium system; upconversion luminescence INTRODUCTION Infrared to visible upconversion luminescence has been extensively studied for its fundamental value 1-3 and its various potential applications in upconversion lasers, 4 bioimaging, 5 etc. The codoping of Er 31 and a high concentration of sensitizer Yb 31 forms the most attractive energy transfer upconversion (ETU) system. Under infrared (980 nm) excitation of the sensitizer Yb 31 , this system can generate green and red upconversions originating from the 4 S 3/2 R 4 I 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 R 4 I 15/2 transitions of Er 31 , respectively. Unlike the green upconversion, the red upconversion benefits from several possible excitation mechanisms. 6,7 Multiphonon relaxation (MPR) from the upper 4 S 3/2 state and ETU from the lower intermediate 4 I 13/2 state are generally considered dominant at low infrared excitation densities because other mechanisms involving three photon processes 6,7 become important only at high infrared excitation densities, 8 which is not the topic of this work.The MPR is not the only mechanism for populating the 4 F 9/2 from the 4 S 3/2 ; a non-MPR mechanism was proposed earlier, 8 but it has not been considered important since then. This mechanism involves two sequential energy transfers between Er 31 and Yb 31 . The first step is a well-known cross-relaxation (CR) energy transfer from Er 31 in the

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of efficient population of the red-emitting state from the green state by non-multiphonon relaxation in the Er3+–Yb3+ system

et al. 2015

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“…depended on the composition, with red being emphasized at higher Yb doping levels, The optimal concentrations of Yb and Er for producing green upconversion appeared to be 18.0 and 2.0 mol%, respectively. Most of the phosphors obtained from Sarnoff have been previously reported in the literature, including NaYF4:Yb,Er [6,8], Y202S:Yb,Er [9], Y203:Yb,Er [10], and Y2~S:Yb,Tm [9]. These materials are only available as powders, and cannot be readily grown as single crystals (in contrast to the Na2Y3F1I material).…”

Section: Phosphor Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upconversion-pumped luminescence efficiency of rare-earth-doped hosts sensitized with trivalent ytterbium

Page¹,

Schaffers²,

Waide³

et al. 1997

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“…A remarkable IR emission can be observed under very weak excitation power (0.0449 W/cm 2 ). (2) The red region: There exists 2 emission peaks at 680-720 nm situated at respectively, 694 nm (maximum), and 704 nm, which is attributed to the Tm 3+ ions 3 F 3 → 3 H 6 transition. Also, there exists 5 emission peaks at 630-675 nm situated respectively, at 647 nm, 650 nm (maximum), 656 nm, 661 nm, and 666 nm, and this is assigned to the Tm 3+ ions 1 G 4 → 3 F 4 transition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…They are widely used as the luminescent host materials of several commercially available phosphors, such as the red emitting phosphors for fluorescent lighting, and cathode ray tube. Since the 1970's, rare earth oxide [1][2][3] or oxysulfide [4][5][6][7][8] as the upconversion matrixes has been reported off and on. Previous investigation had shown that the maximum phonon energies in cubic Y 2 O 3 [9] and hexagonal Y 2 O 2 S [5] occurred at about 597 and 467 cm −1 , respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue, green, red upconversion luminescence and optical characteristics of rare earth doped rare earth oxide and oxysulfide

Luo

Cao

2007

SCI CHINA SER B

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The cold isostatic press pretreatment process was adopted to prepare fine rare earth oxysulfide upconversion phosphors with spherical shape, narrow size distribution and high luminescence efficiency. The upconversion optical characteristics and brightness of the blue (Y 2 O 2 S : Yb,Tm), green (Y 2 O 2 S : Yb,Er), red (Y 2 O 3 : Yb,Er) emitter were also investigated, and a novel method was successfully developed for the brightness measurement of upconversion luminescence (UPL). It is shown that a white color can be obtained by the appropriate mixture of these primary blue, green and red emissions components. The Er 3+ ions exhibit different upconversion mechanism in Y 2 O 2 S and Y 2 O 3 host materials. The rare earth oxysulfide is an efficient upconversion matrix. The UPL brightness of Y 2 O 2 S : Yb,Er is 6.5 times higher than that of Y 2 O 3 : Yb,Er, and Y 2 O 2 S : Yb,Er shows UPL brightness of 1100 cd/m 2 under 5.56 W/cm 2 power density using a 980 nm laser diode.upconversion, rare earth oxide, rare earth oxysulfide, optical characteristics Considerable interest has been focused on the upconversion materials doped with trivalent-rare-earth (RE) ions for more than three decades. Most of them are concerned with the bulk halide host materials with low phonon energies (especially for the fluoride, including the single crystals and glasses, the phonon energies lower than 500 cm −1 ), which promise high upconversion luminescence efficiency by suppressing the nonradiative multiphonon relaxation. However, relatively little work has been reported on the upconversion luminescence of non-halide host materials. Rare earth oxide and oxysulfide materials possess favorable physical properties, such as high chemical durability and thermal stability. They are widely used as the luminescent host materials of several commercially available phosphors, such as the red emitting phosphors for fluorescent lighting, and cathode ray tube. Since the 1970's, rare earth oxide [1][2][3] or oxysulfide [4][5][6][7][8] as the upconversion matrixes has been reported off and on. Previous investigation had shown that the maximum phonon energies in cubic Y 2 O 3[9] and hexagonal Y 2 O 2 S [5] occurred at about 597 and 467 cm −1 , respectively. Of the medium phonon energies present, they are one of the most efficient non-halide up conversion host materials. We have tried various host materials, and confirmed this conclusion. However, they, especially for rare earth oxysulfide, do not attract much attention. In recent years, rare earth oxide [10][11][12][13][14] and rare earth oxysulfide [15][16][17] upconversion nanocrystals have attracted renewed attention. The luminescence efficiency of the upconversion materials is much lower as compared to that of the downconversion materials. Moreover, the luminescence efficiency of the nanocrystals is lower than that of the bulk phosphors. Many practical applications, such as reusable upconversion X-ray memory detection plate [18] , tricolor display, and laser anti-forgery, etc., require eco-friendly nonto...

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Y2O3 : Yb : Er-New Red-Emitting Infrared-Excited Phosphor

Cited by 70 publications

References 7 publications

Observation of efficient population of the red-emitting state from the green state by non-multiphonon relaxation in the Er3+–Yb3+ system

Observation of efficient population of the red-emitting state from the green state by non-multiphonon relaxation in the Er3+–Yb3+ system

Upconversion-pumped luminescence efficiency of rare-earth-doped hosts sensitized with trivalent ytterbium

Blue, green, red upconversion luminescence and optical characteristics of rare earth doped rare earth oxide and oxysulfide

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