“…DE* is not restricted to African populations and can be considered also to come from European ancestry (Hammer, 1994;Persichetti et al, 1992;Spurdle et al, 1994); in the Mediterranean region, its frequency is higher than the rest of Europe, with values as high as 27% in Sicily or 25% in Greece, and it gradually diminishes to the North of Europe (Cruciani et al, 2004;Semino et al, 2004). The haplotype DE* DYS389l(11) DYS391(9) is present in Spanish populations with a frequency that ranges from 2.5% to 8.0% (Brion et al, 2003;Jimenez et al, 2001), higher than the frequency we found, and it is present in the Maghreb population with a frequency of 25% (Brion et al, 2003). The haplotype DYS389l(11) DYS391(9) has the highest frequency in the Iberian peninsula (9%), and its frequency decreases to the North of Europe; in Africa, its frequency is highest in the Saharan populations, from 63% in Tunisian Arabs to 0.6% in Bantu speakers from South Africa (data taken from www.ystr.org).…”