Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman

Cadenas, Alicia M.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca; Underhill, Peter A.; Herrera, René J.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934

Cited by 91 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…All chromosomes unresolved previously beyond the R1-M173* level 14,15,35,36 that were available to us are now attributed to either R1a*-M420 or R1b*-M343 haplogroups. Consequently, we revise the haplogroup nomenclature following the YCC guidelines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a

Myres²,

et al. 2009

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Human Y-chromosome haplogroup structure is largely circumscribed by continental boundaries. One notable exception to this general pattern is the young haplogroup R1a that exhibits post-Glacial coalescent times and relates the paternal ancestry of more than 10% of men in a wide geographic area extending from South Asia to Central East Europe and South Siberia. Its origin and dispersal patterns are poorly understood as no marker has yet been described that would distinguish European R1a chromosomes from Asian. Here we present frequency and haplotype diversity estimates for more than 2000 R1a chromosomes assessed for several newly discovered SNP markers that introduce the onset of informative R1a subdivisions by geography. Marker M434 has a low frequency and a late origin in West Asia bearing witness to recent gene flow over the Arabian Sea. Conversely, marker M458 has a significant frequency in Europe, exceeding 30% in its core area in Eastern Europe and comprising up to 70% of all M17 chromosomes present there. The diversity and frequency profiles of M458 suggest its origin during the early Holocene and a subsequent expansion likely related to a number of prehistoric cultural developments in the region. Its primary frequency and diversity distribution correlates well with some of the major Central and East European river basins where settled farming was established before its spread further eastward. Importantly, the virtual absence of M458 chromosomes outside Europe speaks against substantial patrilineal gene flow from East Europe to Asia, including to India, at least since the mid-Holocene.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a

Myres²,

et al. 2009

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“…Although J1e is one of the most frequent haplogroups in the region, haplogroup E-M123 also shows its highest frequency and haplotype diversity in regions of the Fertile Crescent, decreasing toward the Arabian Peninsula. 1,2,6 This co-distribution pattern of Y-chromosome haplogroups J1e and E-M123 resembles mtDNA haplogroups J1b and (PreHV)1 distributions that also display low levels of diversity despite their high frequency in Saudi Arabia. 32,33 Although on a broad scale the haplogroup J1e frequency distribution and expansion times are consistent with the model that it tracks a possible expansion of Neolithic agro-pastoralists from the Fertile Crescent into the arid Arabian Peninsula, several caveats must be considered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…This haplogroup essentially bifurcates into two main subclades, J1-M267 and J2-M172. 1 Previous studies of J1-M267 [2][3][4][5][6][7] have found it to occur at high frequencies among the Arabic-speaking populations of the Middle East, conventionally interpreted as reflecting the spread of Islam in the first millennium CE. 8 However, before the middle first millennium CE, a variety of Semitic languages were spoken throughout the Middle East.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations

Chiaroni

King

Myres³

et al. 2009

Eur J Hum Genet

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Haplogroup J1 is a prevalent Y-chromosome lineage within the Near East. We report the frequency and YSTR diversity data for its major sub-clade (J1e). The overall expansion time estimated from 453 chromosomes is 10 000 years. Moreover, the previously described J1 (DYS388¼13) chromosomes, frequently found in the Caucasus and eastern Anatolian populations, were ancestral to J1e and displayed an expansion time of 9000 years. For J1e, the Zagros/Taurus mountain region displays the highest haplotype diversity, although the J1e frequency increases toward the peripheral Arabian Peninsula. The southerly pattern of decreasing expansion time estimates is consistent with the serial drift and founder effect processes. The first such migration is predicted to have occurred at the onset of the Neolithic, and accordingly J1e parallels the establishment of rain-fed agriculture and semi-nomadic herders throughout the Fertile Crescent. Subsequently, J1e lineages might have been involved in episodes of the expansion of pastoralists into arid habitats coinciding with the spread of Arabic and other Semitic-speaking populations.

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“…We assembled a genotyping panel of 16 244 males from 126 Eurasian populations, some of which we report upon for the first time herein and others that we have combined from earlier studies, 22,[29][30][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] and updated to a higher level of phylogenetic resolution. All samples were obtained using locally approved informed consent and were de-identified.…”

Section: Population Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a

Underhill¹,

Poznik²,

Rootsi³

et al. 2014

Eur J Hum Genet

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,23R1a-M420 is one of the most widely spread Y-chromosome haplogroups; however, its substructure within Europe and Asia has remained poorly characterized. Using a panel of 16 244 male subjects from 126 populations sampled across Eurasia, we identified 2923 R1a-M420 Y-chromosomes and analyzed them to a highly granular phylogeographic resolution. Whole Y-chromosome sequence analysis of eight R1a and five R1b individuals suggests a divergence time of B25 000 (95% CI: 21 300-29 000) years ago and a coalescence time within R1a-M417 of B5800 (95% CI: 4800-6800) years. The spatial frequency distributions of R1a sub-haplogroups conclusively indicate two major groups, one found primarily in Europe and the other confined to Central and South Asia. Beyond the major European versus Asian dichotomy, we describe several younger sub-haplogroups. Based on spatial distributions and diversity patterns within the R1a-M420 clade, particularly rare basal branches detected primarily within Iran and eastern Turkey, we conclude that the initial episodes of haplogroup R1a diversification likely occurred in the vicinity of present-day Iran.

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Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman

Cited by 91 publications

References 58 publications

Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a

Separating the post-Glacial coancestry of European and Asian Y chromosomes within haplogroup R1a

The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations

The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a

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