Xylem hydraulic efficiency versus vulnerability
 in seedlings of four contrasting
Mediterranean tree species (Cedrus atlantica, Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus
halepensis and Pinus nigra)

Froux, Fabienne; Huc, Roland; Ducrey, Michel; Dreyer, Erwin

doi:10.1051/forest:2002015

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…11). It may nevertheless be larger in some species like in Cupressus sempervirens [47]. The strategy of maintaining a large safety margin was reported in species experiencing periodically severe drought in their habitat like Juniperus monsperma or Larrea tridentate [109].…”

Section: Vulnerability To Cavitation and Stomatal Conductance: Couplimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, this is not a general trend, some species showing more vulnerable twigs than petioles. Less data are available for roots than for branches, thus comparison between species are usually restricted to vulnerability in branches; roots were found to be less, equally or more vulnerable depending on species [47,69].…”

Section: Vulnerability To Drought-induced Cavitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positive values correspond to a safety margin, negative ones reveal a lack of control of stomata over cavitation. Data from [109]; [47]; [81]; Huc et al, unpublished; [92]; [31]; [28]; [3]; Cochard et Ameglio, unpublished. margin [135]. In most tree species, this margin is narrow, meaning that tree transpiration operates close to the cavitation induction point (Fig.…”

Section: Vulnerability To Cavitation and Stomatal Conductance: Couplimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences

et al. 2006

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-The extreme drought event that occurred in Western Europe during 2003 highlighted the need to understand the key processes that may allow trees and stands to overcome such severe water shortages. We therefore reviewed the current knowledge available about such processes. First, impact of drought on exchanges at soil-root and canopy-atmosphere interfaces are presented and illustrated with examples from water and CO 2 flux measurements. The decline in transpiration and water uptake and in net carbon assimilation due to stomatal closure has been quantified and modelled. The resulting models were used to compute water balance at stand level basing on the 2003 climate in nine European forest sites from the CARBOEUROPE network. Estimates of soil water deficit were produced and provided a quantitative index of soil water shortage and therefore of the intensity of drought stress experienced by trees during summer 2003. In a second section, we review the irreversible damage that could be imposed on water transfer within trees and particularly within xylem. A special attention was paid to the inter-specific variability of these properties among a wide range of tree species. The inter-specific diversity of hydraulic and stomatal responses to soil water deficit is also discussed as it might reflect a large diversity in traits potentially related to drought tolerance. Finally, tree decline and mortality due to recurrent or extreme drought events are discussed on the basis of a literature review and recent decline studies. The potential involvement of hydraulic dysfunctions or of deficits in carbon storage as causes for the observed long term (several years) decline of tree growth and development and for the onset of tree dieback is discussed. As an example, the starch content in stem tissues recorded at the end of the 2003's summer was used to predict crown conditions of oak trees during the following spring: low starch contents were correlated with large twig and branch decline in the crown of trees. drought / water balance / time lag effect / hydraulic properties / dieback Résumé -Arbres et peuplements forestiers tempérés soumis à sécheresse : une revue des réponses écophysiologiques, des processus d'adaptation et des conséquences à long terme. La sécheresse exceptionnelle de 2003 a été l'occasion de faire le point de nos connaissances sur les mécanismes écophysiologiques permettant aux arbres de traverser un tel évènement climatique extrême. L'analyse a été conduite à l'échelle de l'arbre et du peuplement, tandis que l'intensité de la sécheresse a été quantifiée à l'aide d'un calcul de bilan hydrique sur neuf sites forestiers européens contrastés du réseau CARBOEUROPE. Le rôle du couvert dans les échanges avec l'atmosphère est rappelé puis intégré dans l'analyse des réductions de bilan d'eau et de carbone en 2003 dus à la régulation stomatique. Les caractéristiques du complexe sol-racine, important à la fois pour l'accès à la ressource et à l'efficience de son absorption, constituent un des premiers traits d'ada...

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Section: Vulnerability To Cavitation and Stomatal Conductance: Couplimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vulnerability To Drought-induced Cavitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vulnerability To Cavitation and Stomatal Conductance: Couplimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences

et al. 2006

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“…Thus, if low hydraulic conductance is manifested at early stages of growth and all low-conductance genotypes are slow growing, then early selection of hybrids with high hydraulic conductance can be used in breeding programmes (Tyree 2003). Measurement of hydraulic conductance may be useful even when breeding looks for increasing growth in drought-prone environments, because high hydraulic conductance is not necessarily linked to high vulnerability to embolism (Froux et al 2002). Despite early results showing a trade-off between hydraulic conductance and vulnerability to embolism, that was attributed to higher vulnerability of the wider conduits, it is now widely accepted that vulnerability to embolism induced by water deficit is related to the maximum pit pore size, which may be or not related to conduit size.…”

Section: Hydraulic Traits and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of physiological traits in tree breeding for improved yield in drought-prone environments. The case of Eucalyptus globulus

Pita

Cañas

Ruiz³

et al. 2005

For. syst.

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Selecting for improved growth in drought-prone environments may lead to a trade-off between traits related to both growth and drought resistance. This paper provides a review of the use of physiological traits in breeding for yield improvement in water-limited environments. Plant responses to water stress can be grouped into strategies, which are species-specific. Once a species drought resistance strategy is known, several physiological traits can be selected to be used in the species breeding program. Despite there are multiple physiological traits involved in plant responses to drought, only a few of them have been actually used to improve both growth and drought resistance. This review highlights the relevance of stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency as well as hydraulic traits in breeding for improved growth in drought-prone environments. It is illustrated with unpublished results obtained in several research programmes that share a common objective: improving Eucalyptus globulus growth and survival in south-western Spain throughout early selection based on morpho-physiological traits.Key words: Drought tolerance strategies, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, hydraulic conductivity, xylem vulnerability, Tasmanian blue gum. ResumenUtilización de parámetros fisiológicos en programas de mejora del crecimiento bajo déficit hídrico La selección de genotipos con el objetivo de mejorar el crecimiento bajo suministro hídrico limitante exige buscar un equilibrio entre aquellos caracteres que permiten optimizar el crecimiento y los que confieren mayor resistencia a la sequía. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión del uso de parámetros fisiológicos en programas de mejora establecidos para zonas donde el agua es factor limitante. Las plantas muestran un amplio abanico de respuestas frente al déficit hídrico, que se pueden agrupar en estrategias. Una vez conocida la estrategia de respuesta al estrés hídrico en una especie, se puede abordar la selección parámetros fisiológicos a utilizar como herramientas de mejora. Entre estos parámetros destacan por su interés la conductancia estomática, la eficiencia en el uso del agua y parámetros hidráulicos. La revisión del uso de estos parámetros se ha ilustrado con datos bibliográficos y datos obtenidos en el marco de varios proyectos de investigación, establecidos con un objetivo primordial: mejorar la productividad de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus globulus en el suroeste español, mediante programas de mejora que incorporen criterios de selección precoz basados en parámetros morfo-fisiológicos.Palabras clave: Estrategias de tolerancia a la sequía, conductancia estomática, eficiencia en el uso del agua, conductividad hidráulica, vulnerabilidad a la cavitación, eucalipto.

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“…salzmannii and P. halepensis Mill. are two calcicolous species, they show different strategies to cope with water and nutritional stress (Frouxa et al 2002). Based on our results, it could be hypothesized that P. halepensis is more efficient than P. nigra in the use of their rhizospheric microorganisms.…”

Section: Nutrient Uptakementioning

confidence: 87%

The combined effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens CECT 844 and the black truffle co-inoculation on Pinus nigra seedlings

Núñez¹,

Medina²,

Berrocal-Lobo³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionWater and nutrient availability are the main constraints on plant productivity in semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems. The preservation of mycoflora diversity depends on the status of plant roots (Marulanda et al. 2006). Forest species in these areas often develop specific strategies to improve their water usage in response to drought (Martínez-Ferri et al. 2000).Several studies have been conducted to improve the quality of seedlings produced in nurseries (Caravaca et al. 2005). Several authors reported that soil amendment with ectomycorrhizal fungi and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) increased plant survival and seedling quality, especially in soils with low microbial activity (Chanway 1997, Probanza et al. 2001.Pseudomonas fluorescens generally shows several characteristics of an effective PGPR. It is easily cultivated in vitro, and it colonizes a wide range of ecological niches, including plant rhizospheres (Bolton et al. 1993). Additionally, P. fluorescens genomes are highly diverse, which most likely increases the P. fluorescens survival (Silby et al. 2009). The ecological flexibility of such bacteria allows them to exploit a wide variety of nutrients to adapt to environmental changes for survival. P. fluorescens also improves plant growth by producing phytohormones such as auxins (e.g., IAA -Karabaghli et al. 1998). It also has a high capacity for phosphorus solubilization and can produce siderophores (Matthijs et al. 2007). Despite the very well-known positive effects of P. fluorescens on plant survival, only a few studies have been conducted to study its influence on the growth of forest species (Rincón et al. 2008, Ouahmane et al. 2009). We recently demonstrated that the inoculation of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) with P. fluorescens CECT 844 improved the vegetative growth and N absorption of the P. halepensis seedlings (Dominguez et al. 2012).The use of environmental-friendly natural microbial inocula, such as PGPR or mycorrhizal fungi, is presented in this study as a potential alternative fertilizers. These microorganisms are also beneficial for the maintenance of pre-existing soil microflora, thus contributing to the conservation of soil biodiversity. The amended soil in the nursey increases the vegetative vigor and morphophysiological quality of forest species growth for reforestation purposes (Chanway 1997).Information regarding the productivity of ectomycorrhizal fungi, their ecological functions and their contributions to the productivity and recovery of altered agroecosystems is increasingly valuable in agroforestry. In Spain, the black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) is of substantial economic and social value in rural areas of the Mediterranean (Reyna 2007), although studies on the contributions of T. melanosporum to the growth and physiology of forest plants are scarce (Domínguez-Nuñez 2002). Moreover, the ecological value of such symbiosis in the recovery of Mediterranean ecosystems has not been well characterized.The...

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Xylem hydraulic efficiency versus vulnerability in seedlings of four contrasting Mediterranean tree species (Cedrus atlantica, Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus halepensis and Pinus nigra)

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences

Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences

Use of physiological traits in tree breeding for improved yield in drought-prone environments. The case of Eucalyptus globulus

The combined effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens CECT 844 and the black truffle co-inoculation on Pinus nigra seedlings

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