XXVII. Experiments on the condensation and critical phenomena of some substances and mixtures

Abstract

1. THE investigation contained in this paper is a continual tion of a research on "The Condensation and the Critical Phel) omena of Mixtures of Ethane and Nitrous Oxide," which was read before the Physical Society some time ago ~f. The results arrived at in the latter paper were stated as follows :-(t) All mixtures of C2H6 and •20 which contain more than 0"1 of C2H 6 have critical temperatures lying beneath the critical temperature of C~H6. (2) The vapour-pressures of the mixtures lle partly above those of :N20~ and accordingly show a maximum situated near 0"2 of C2It6. (3) This maximum does not disappear with rise of tempe-rature~ but remains up to the critical region ; the maximulr.curve reaches the plai tpoint-eurve. (4:) The mixtures ranging between 0"'2 and 0'5 of C~H~ have retrograde condensation of the second kind, all the others retrograde condensation of the first kind. I have now discovered two more instances of mixtures with similar properties~ Viz. mixtures of ethane and acetylene~ and mixtures of ethane and carbonic acid.. I will begin by relating some experiments which were made in connexion with the former paper, and afterwards give an account of the results obtained with those mixtures. A. On Et]mne prepared by ~ferent methods. 2. The ethane used in my fbrmer experiments had been prepared from sodium acetate by electrolysis, lts vapourpressures and critical constants, especially the latter, were different from those given by other observers. The different values are the following, p being expressed in atmospheres :-Dewar :~. Olszewski §. Haenlen II. Kuenen ¶. t~. 35 ° 34: ° 34"5 ~ 32"05 ° p~ .

Phase Equilibria in the Carbon Dioxide–Methane System

“…The determination of equilibria in this system provides the data to round out the technical knowledge of the binary systems of carbon dioxide with the first five members of the paraffin hydrocarbon family; the equilibria for the ethane-carbon dioxide system have been partially determined by Kuenen [6,7) and those for the propane, ra-butane, and ra-pentane binaries with carbon dioxide have been reported by Poettmann and Katz (8). Sage, Lacey, and coworkers have studied the binary systems with methane, ethane, propane, and butane {9-12) including P-V-T measurements as well as phase equilibria.…”

Vapor-liquid equilibrium of carbon dioxide with isobutane and n-butane: Modified leung-griffiths correlation and data evaluation

“…While the technology to perform critical-region VLE experiments has been available for nearly a century [ 12 , 13 ], the experiments remain a very tedious process and resistant to automation procedures, so that, worldwide, typically an average of only three new mixtures are thoroughly measured each year [ 10 ]. Therefore, it is unrealistic to expect that benchmark quality data for most mixtures of interest will be retaken in the near future.…”

Microfluidic approaches for accessing thermophysical properties of fluid systems

“…Many macroscopic approaches have been developed to study the phase behavior of fluid mixtures 107,108,109,110 but lately, microfluidics became a powerful tool in this domain. As mentioned earlier, phase equilibria are rapidly reached in microfluidic devices and accessing thermodynamic diagrams of pure fluids or fluid mixtures can take less than a day.…”