“…The C 1s spectrum was decomposed into five components, viz., C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5, located at 284.5, 285.2, 286.4, 287.4, and 288.7 eV, respectively, which were associated with the sp 2 C=C [34], sp 3 C-C [35,36], sp 2 C-N/C=N, sp 3 C-N, and C-OOH bonds [37]. The larger peak area ratio of the C1 component (46.7%), as compared with that of the C2 component (18.29%), indicated that the diamond film contained many nondiamond bonds, which might be attributable to the chemical reaction of the N atom that existed in the CVD chamber because the C2 and C3 bonds with a 29.0% peak area ratio formed between the C atom and N atom and in turn produced several sp 2 C bonds, rather than sp 3 C bonds [38,39]. Here, the peak located at ~283.2 eV (associated with Si-C bond) was not found in the XPS spectrum, suggesting that the amount of Si-C bond was very small in the diamond film [40].…”