“…The highest I D /I G ratio band was observed in the airside of the PDA film (I D /I G = 0.36), indicating a higher level of oxidation, [18] as compared to the waterside of PDA film (I D /I G = 0.32) and the PDA coating (I D /I G = 0.18). In the transfer of 2D and quasi-2D films, such as graphene oxide, the transfer methods might result in a difference in the coverage of the materials onto the same substrate due to the different sp 3 /sp 2 carbon ratio, which changed the intersheet interactions between the film and the substrate [19] As there is a correlation between the I D /I G ratio and the sp 3 /sp 2 carbon ratio, [20] the PDA coating, airside, and waterside of PDA films might interact distinctively with the Si/SiO 2 wafer surface. Furthermore, the chemical difference between the PDA-functionalized surface was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which evidenced the gradually increased polymerization levels from the PDA coating, to the waterside of the PDA film, to the airside of the PDA film (Figure S2, Supporting Information).…”