2001
DOI: 10.1016/s0169-4332(01)00298-7
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XPS investigations of surface segregation of doping elements in SnO2

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Cited by 148 publications
(85 citation statements)
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“…About 70% of the total amount of the dopant In and 50% of Sb remains in the crystal lattice of SnO 2 . The content of Nb in the bulk is still lower [14,15]. Therefore the Nb doped samples have higher resistivity than Sb doped ones.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…About 70% of the total amount of the dopant In and 50% of Sb remains in the crystal lattice of SnO 2 . The content of Nb in the bulk is still lower [14,15]. Therefore the Nb doped samples have higher resistivity than Sb doped ones.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In order to control the electrical and optical properties dopants such as antimony, indium, fluorine, molybdenum or niobium were added [10][11][12][13]. The properties depend not only on the doping element, but also on the oxidation state and the doping concentration [14,15]. One method for characterisation of doped tin oxides is X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At higher doping levels, both conductivity and response decrease. It has been established that the incorporation of high concentration of Sb into SnO 2 , dopant atoms are concentrated near the surface of the nanostructures and induces surface segregation of Sb to Sb 3+ and Sb 5+ [103][104][105]. These surface segregated Sb atoms may form oxygen vacancy complexes at the surface and may be important active sites for adsorption of electron-withdrawing gas molecules [106].…”
Section: B Sensor Sensitivity As a Function Of Doping Concentrationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A segregação dos aditivos na superfície do SnO 2 já foi também observada para outros íons como manganês, antimônio, nióbio e índio. [2,4].…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…A segregação dos aditivos na superfície do SnO 2 já foi também observada para outros íons como manganês, antimônio, nióbio e índio. [2,4] . Todas as amostras apresentaram uma alta taxa de densificação nos momentos iniciais, quando sinterizadas por "fast firing".…”
unclassified