XPS and SEM study of UV laser surface modification of polymers

Novis, Y.; Meulemeester, R. de; Chtaïb, M.; Pireaux, Jean‐Jacques; Caudano, R.

doi:10.1002/pi.4980210209

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Then the phenyl and aminyl radicals created inside the polymer matrix can combine or lead to crosslinking or branching of the polymer, as shown for cross-linking in steps 4 and 5 of Scheme 6. It was suggested that cross-linking will lead to a peak broadening in the XPS spectra [155]. We also detected some broadening of the peaks after irradiation and found some insoluble residues for thick films, indicating a polymer network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…A spectrum of a SiC disk was used as background. The difference spectra of the SiC disk after irradiation with the highest fluence applied in this study (155 mJ cm 2 ) were measured after various pulse numbers (50, 100, 500, and 5,000) and at the highest repetition rate (10 Hz). No changes in the spectra were observed, suggesting that SiC is stable under the applied conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Application of Polymers

Lippert

2004

Polymers and Light

148

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Laser ablation of polymers has been studied with designed materials to evaluate the mechanism of ablation and the role of photochemically active groups on the ablation process, and to test possible applications of laser ablation and designed polymers. The incorporation of photochemically active groups lowers the threshold of ablation and allows high-quality structuring without contamination and modification of the remaining surface. The decomposition of the active chromophore takes place during the excitation pulse of the laser and gaseous products are ejected with supersonic velocity. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals that a metastable species is among the products, suggesting that excited electronic states are involved in the ablation process. Experiments with a reference material, i.e., polyimide, for which a photothermal ablation mechanism has been suggested, exhibited pronounced differences. These results strongly suggest that, in case of designed polymers which contain photochemically active groups, a photochemical part in the ablation mechanism cannot be neglected. Various potential applications for laser ablation and the special photopolymers were evaluated and it became clear that the potential of laser ablation and specially designed material is in the field of microstructuring. Laser ablation can be used to fabricate three-dimensional elements, e.g., microoptical elements.Keywords Laser ablation · Ablation mechanism · Photopolymers · Polyimide · Spectroscopy This was not always true, of course. For many years, the laser was viewed as "an answer in search of a question". That is, it was seen as an elegant device, but one with no real useful application outside of fundamental scientific research. In the last two to three decades however, numerous laser applications have moved from the laboratory to the industrial workplace or the commercial market. Lasers are unique energy sources characterized by their spectral purity, spatial and temporal coherence, and high average peak intensity. Each of these characteristics has led to applications that take advantage of these qualities: -Spatial coherence: e.g., remote sensing, range finding and many holographic techniques. -Spectral purity: e.g., atmospheric monitoring based on high-resolution spectroscopies. -and of course the many other applications in communication and storage, e.g., CDs.All of these high-tech applications have come to define everyday life in the late twentieth century. One property of lasers, however, that of high intensity, did not immediately lead to "delicate" applications but rather to those requiring "brute force". That is, the laser was used in applications for removing material or heating. The first realistic applications involved cutting, drilling, and welding, and the laser was little more advanced than a saw, a drill, or a torch. In a humorous vein A.L. Schawlow proposed and demonstrated the first "laser eraser" in 1965 [4], using the different absorptivities of paper and ink to remove the ink without damaging the und...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Application of Polymers

Lippert

2004

Polymers and Light

148

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“…Also, the morphology of the treated surfaces is significantly changed by the creation of many small wrinkles (Figure 7(c)). Some wrinkles were developed into microholes, indicating the violent degradation of one of the material inorganic additives (Figure 7(c)) [33]. Other SEM observations showed that these microholes increase in size and number with higher durations of UV/ozone treatment.…”

Section: Energetic Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Improving the adhesion strength of polymers: effect of surface treatments

Hamdi

Saleh

Poulis

2020

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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To improve their adhesion strength, polymeric surfaces are usually modified through different treatments. This study investigates the effect of mechanical, chemical, and energetic treatments on the bonding strength of ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPDM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials. Three adhesives based on different chemical compositions, namely silicone, polyurethane, and modified-silane (MS) polymer, were considered. Results show that the effect of the applied treatments on the adhesion strength of EPDM surfaces is insignificant. Only a slight improvement is obtained in the case of polyurethane-based adhesive, while the failure modes remained adhesive. As for PVC, most treatments were effective in the case of the silicone-based adhesive, especially grit blasting, primer, and UV/ozone treatments. Only UV/ozone treatment improved the adhesion strength and altered the failure mechanisms of this material when polyurethane and MS-based adhesives are used. The adhesion of ABS increased and the failure modes changed from adhesive to cohesive for most treatments. Particularly, a significant improvement is obtained when primer coating and UV/ozone radiation are applied. This comparative study paves the way for the design of polymeric joints with highly enhanced adhesion performance.

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“…Therefore, nanoscale characterization of the surfaces of dialysis membrane sterilized by γ irradiation should be performed to facilitate preparation of dialysis membranes with superior biocompatibility. Although electron microscopy (EM)16 and XPS17 are representative methods for nanoscale characterization of material surfaces, these methods require high vacuum conditions and various pretreatments like vapor deposition to allow surface nanoscale surface characterization 18–19. However, atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used for nanoscale evaluation of surface properties under wet conditions without complicated pretreatments 20–21.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of γ irradiation on the surface properties of wet polysulfone films containing poly(vinylpyrrolidone)

Matsuda

Yakushiji

Sakai

2010

Surface & Interface Analysis

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In Japan, hemodialyzers are usually sterilized by γ irradiation. However, the polymer materials used in the dialysis membrane, such as polysulfone (PSf) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), undergo crosslinking or degradation on exposure to γ radiation. In the present study, we prepared PSf/PVP films (PVP content, 0-50 wt%) and used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to perform nanoscale evaluations of the effect of γ irradiation (25 and 50 kGy) on the surface properties of wet PSf/PVP surfaces. Force-curve measurements were used to evaluate the hardness of and fibrinogen adsorbability on the wet PSf/PVP surface; fibrinogen adsorbability on the wet PSf/PVP surface was evaluated using AFM probes with fibrinogen immobilized on the tips of the probes. At PVP levels greater than 5 wt%, the wet PSf/PVP film surface was completely covered with hydrated and swollen PVP particles. The surface hardness of the wet PSf/PVP films exposed to 25-kGy γ irradiation greatly decreased with increasing PVP content, whereas the surface hardness of the wet PSf/PVP films exposed to 50-kGy γ irradiation did not decrease significantly. At higher PVP levels, the reduction in the fibrinogen adsorbability on a wet PSf/PVP film exposed to 25-kGy γ irradiation was more significant than that on a wet PSf/PVP film exposed to 50-kGy γ irradiation. PVP particles on the wet PSf/PVP film surface exposed to 50-kGy γ irradiation did not show significant hydration and swelling because the polymer materials PVP-PSf and PVP-PVP in these membranes has undergone excessive crosslinking due to γ irradiation.

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XPS and SEM study of UV laser surface modification of polymers

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Laser Application of Polymers

Laser Application of Polymers

Improving the adhesion strength of polymers: effect of surface treatments

Effect of γ irradiation on the surface properties of wet polysulfone films containing poly(vinylpyrrolidone)

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