Xenophobia and In-Group Solidarity in Iraq: A Natural Experiment on the Impact of Insecurity

Inglehart, Ronald; Moaddel, Mansoor; Tessler, Mark

doi:10.1057/9780230603332_11

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…An oft-cited example is the unsuccessful economic sanctions imposed on Rhodesia by the United Nations in the 1960s, when threatened white settlers were motivated to support the home government for nationalistic reasons; consequently, Rhodesia's economy prospered despite the sanctions (Galtung 1967). Similar cases of the rally effect are found in economic sanctions on Cuba (Allen 2008) and Iraq (Inglehart, Moaddel, and Tessler 2006). Territorial conflicts also often generate the rally effect.…”

Section: T H E a N G E R -B A S E D R A L L Y E F F E C Tmentioning

confidence: 96%

The “Rally ’round the Flag” Effect in Territorial Disputes: Experimental Evidence From Japan–china Relations

Kobayashi¹,

Katagiri

2018

J. East Asian Stud.

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This study examines the impact of China's growing territorial ambitions on Japanese public opinion. By experimentally manipulating perceived territorial threats from China, we tested two potential mechanisms of increased support for a conservative incumbent leader in Japan. The first is the “rally ’round the flag” model, in which threats universally boost support for the leader through emotion. The second is the “reactive liberal” model, in which support from conservatives remains constant, but threatened liberals move toward supporting the conservative leader. Two survey experiments provided no support for the emotion-based “rally ’round the flag” model, but they lent support for the reactive liberal model in explaining the impact on Japanese public opinion. However, the second experiment indicated that priming with an image of the prime minister that highlights his role as the supreme commander of the national defense forces completely eliminated the gain in approval rates among liberals.

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Section: T H E a N G E R -B A S E D R A L L Y E F F E C Tmentioning

confidence: 96%

The “Rally ’round the Flag” Effect in Territorial Disputes: Experimental Evidence From Japan–china Relations

Kobayashi¹,

Katagiri

2018

J. East Asian Stud.

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“…We are interested in the bigger question of why some people who live in the shadow of violence and war employ extreme political views whereas others seek conciliatory modes. With the recent reemergence of terrorism, there is a growing scholarly interest in people's psychological and political reactions to outgroups in the face of terror, war, and violence (e.g., Canetti‐Nisim, Ariely, & Halperin, 2007; Inglehart, Moaddel, & Tessler, 2006). In this paper, we focus specifically on emotional explanations in the context of intergroup relations.…”

Section: The Emotional Sources Of Political Intolerance: a Critical Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Central Role of Group‐Based Hatred as an Emotional Antecedent of Political Intolerance: Evidence from Israel

Halperin

Canetti–Nisim

Hirsch-Hoefler

2009

Political Psychology

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“…Since radical political parties campaign on the promise of greater security for their particular sectarian group, a moderate party can only gain votes if security and development have both reached acceptable levels. In an insecure environment, groups turn inward and become more xenophobic, a development that then decreases their democratic tendencies (Inglehart, Mansoor, and Tessler 2006); for example, failure to disarm the Khmer Rouge precipitated political violence in the prelude to elections, and allowed intimidation of opponents during voting (Paris 2004:79–95). A similar challenge has faced voters in recent Afghani elections.…”

Section: Game Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peacekeeping the Game

Goon

2011

International Studies Perspectives

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Political science students face the difficult challenge of understanding the obstacles to resolving intrastate conflict. Often, instructors will use negotiation-based role-playing simulations to model arduous discussions between the warring groups and intervening parties. However, the long-term challenges of directing peacebuilding and ensuring security are equally important parts of intrastate conflict resolution that remain unaddressed in current simulations. The design of simulations with board-game-like rules for teaching about intrastate conflict has also been unexplored. This paper lays out a new type of simulation with board-game-like rules that present realistic obstacles to students as they try to balance the various needs of their assigned state. A detailed discussion of the significance of each of the game rules and potential applications of the simulation is included.The cessation of civil war requires a daunting and complex set of factors. Since a majority of such conflicts end in military victory rather than negotiated settlements (Walter 1997:335), the process of maintaining negotiated agreements is particularly challenging, often requiring assistance from third parties and solid institutional design. Furthermore, a nation emerging from years of internal conflict almost always needs to reconstruct its political and economic institutions with the help of economic aid (Collier 1999; Collier and Hoeffler 2004). As such, undergraduate students face the challenge of uncovering strategies for laying the infrastructure to support a truly lasting peace. In order to convey those challenges, the simulation described in this article appoints each participating student as the leader of such a war-torn nation, executing a peace agreement within that nation with the help of third-party peacekeepers and economic aid. Within this context, the simulation forces students to make key decisions about how to manage reconstruction while at the same time maintaining security. Like all models and simulations, liberties need to be taken to both simplify game play and create excitement that will capture the students' attention. Ultimately, however, students walk away with greater understanding of how arduous peacekeeping and reconstruction missions can be.In the article that follows, I develop a simulation that highlights the importance of post-conflict security and reconstruction in building long-term peace, while at the same time using a style of game play that resembles conventional

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Xenophobia and In-Group Solidarity in Iraq: A Natural Experiment on the Impact of Insecurity

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

The “Rally ’round the Flag” Effect in Territorial Disputes: Experimental Evidence From Japan–china Relations

The “Rally ’round the Flag” Effect in Territorial Disputes: Experimental Evidence From Japan–china Relations

The Central Role of Group‐Based Hatred as an Emotional Antecedent of Political Intolerance: Evidence from Israel

Peacekeeping the Game

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