Xanthogranulomatous cystitis masquerading as bladder tumor in a child

Abstract

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis affecting the urinary bladder is extremely rare, and only around thirty adult cases and two pediatric cases have been reported in the literature. The treatment is predominantly surgical as the lesion is mostly infiltrative and mimics malignancy. We report probably the third pediatric case, who presented with symptoms of urinary tract infection and urinary retention and was initially suspected as bladder tumor on imaging. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology, and the child responded well to aggressive antibiotic therapy alone.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis and bilateral ureteral reflux due to bladder neck obstruction: a case report

“…XC is more common in women aged between 30 and 50 years old, and only 30 adult cases and 3 pediatric cases have been reported in the English literature. 4 The clinical symptoms of XC are similar to other types of cystitis, including bladder irritation, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and discomfort. 5 Most patients with XC have remarkable imaging findings in the bladder, but our patient did not.…”

“…XC is more common in women aged between 30 and 50 years old, and only 30 adult cases and 3 pediatric cases have been reported in the English literature. 4…”

A Rare Case of Xanthogranulomatous Cystitis Mimicking Bladder Malignancy in Nigeria: A Case Report and Review of Literature

“…XC may mimic bladder malignancy clinically and on imaging [ 4 , 6 , 14 ]. Although XC may mimic a malignant bladder lesion, it may also be associated with such malignant tumors [ 15 ].…”

“…The treatment of choice for XC is yet unclear, likely due to the rarity of the lesion, and the reported patients have had various management modalities, including simple excision, transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), and partial and radical cystectomy [ 1 , 3 , 14 ].…”

“…Medical treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics has often been added following the histopathologic diagnosis of XC [ 3 , 4 , 14 ]. The index patient initially had a transurethral resection, followed by an open resection with a course of antibiotics for four weeks.…”