Multifocal Xanthogranulomatous cystitis mimicking bladder malignancy: A case report and literature review

A Rare Case of Xanthogranulomatous Cystitis Mimicking Bladder Malignancy in Nigeria: A Case Report and Review of Literature

“…XC is an extremely rare chronic granulomatous disease, with less than 40 reported cases in world literature since the first report by Wassiljew in 1932 [ 1 , 9 , 10 ]. This is the 39th report in the literature and the first in Nigeria and Africa.…”

“…Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) is an extremely rare, benign disease of the urinary bladder of unclear etiology [1][2][3]. Although xanthogranulomatous inflammatory changes occur commonly in other sites, such as kidneys, gall bladder, salivary glands, ovaries, endometrium, pancreas, brain, colon, and appendix, there are very few reported cases in the urinary bladder [2,4].…”

“…Clinically and on cystoscopy, XC may mimic a bladder malignancy [ 1 , 6 ]. Other rare forms of cystitis which may also mimic malignancy clinically and on imaging include eosinophilic cystitis and florid cystitis cystica et glandularis [ 7 , 8 ].…”

“…Other rare forms of cystitis which may also mimic malignancy clinically and on imaging include eosinophilic cystitis and florid cystitis cystica et glandularis [ 7 , 8 ]. These conditions, though benign, may present with solid masses in the bladder, with worrisome features on imaging, and prove quite challenging to diagnose clinically and radiologically, in the absence of histopathologic assessment [ 1 ]. Therefore, relying on clinical evaluation and radiological imaging only would not suffice for accurate diagnosis and the exclusion of malignancy [ 1 , 6 ].…”

“…XC is, indeed, extremely rare, and less than 40 cases have been reported in world literature since the first report in 1932 [ 1 , 9 ]. In this report, we describe a case of XC, mimicking bladder malignancy, in an adult Nigerian female.…”