XANES spectra of a variety of widely used organic polymers at the C K-edge

Kikuma, Jun; Tonner, B. P.

doi:10.1016/s0368-2048(96)03049-6

Cited by 103 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The last two peaks at 293·3 and 303·0 Ϯ 0·1 eV both correspond to j* resonances from CC chemical bonds, from the backbone (C-C) and the phenyl hanging group (C¼C), respectively. The proposed assignment is in agreement with recent XANES data (Kikuma & Tonner et al, 1996). From the energy of the last two peaks corresponding to CC j* resonances, it is possible to calculate the length of the chemical bond (Sette et al, 1984), see Table 2.…”

Section: Characteristic Signature Of Polystyrenesupporting

confidence: 87%

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Physical and chemical changes in polystyrene during electron irradiation using EELS in the TEM: contribution of the dielectric function

Varlot

Martin²,

Quet³

1998

Journal of Microscopy

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SummaryWe have performed electron energy-loss spectroscopy analysis of polystyrene in the analytical transmission electron microscope in order to evaluate the possibility of obtaining both chemical and dielectric information on the polymer at the submicrometre scale. Irradiation has also been studied, particularly the influence of the specimen temperature on the kinetics of degradation.The main results show that polystyrene is resistant to electron beam with a critical dose of about 10 4 C m ¹2 at 127 K. Spectra could be acquired with doses less than this critical dose. We were thus able to propose an identification of the different chemical bonds of carbon (including the C-H bond), in agreement with previous X-ray absorption near-edge structure experiments. The chemical changes in polystyrene due to severe irradiation damage are also visible in the carbon K-edge near-edge structure.At the same time, we calculated the dielectric function from the low-loss part of the spectra. Interestingly, this part of the spectrum is the most sensitive to irradiation, since great changes can be seen during exposure.Lastly, we propose a degradation process, in agreement with all these results.

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Section: Characteristic Signature Of Polystyrenesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Chemical and dielectric characterization of polystyrene has already been studied using techniques such as EELS without TEM (Swanson & Powell, 1963;Ritsko & Bigelow, 1978) and XANES (Inagaki et al, 1977;Kikuma & Tonner, 1996). No irradiation damage was reported in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and chemical changes in polystyrene during electron irradiation using EELS in the TEM: contribution of the dielectric function

Varlot

Martin²,

Quet³

1998

Journal of Microscopy

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“…Furthermore, the functional and other subgroups in such large compositions are regarded as independent units. But each of these units has its ionization point at another energy, as known from the literature (Francis and Hitchcock 1992;Hitchcock 1987, 1988;Sham et al 1989;Stöhr 1992;Kikuma and Tonner 1996). Thus, due to a mix of chemistries leading to chemical shifts of the core level, the arctangent for large and complex molecules like environmental samples would be very broad, and thereby dominate the fit of the spectra and submerging the Gaussian curves, see Fig.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Spectramentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Soon, more complex samples from polymer science were investigated using NEXAFS spectroscopy, see for example Kikuma and Tonner (1996); Urquhart and Ade (2002). Over the recent years, more and more complex heterogeneous samples from biomolecular (Boese et al 1997;Hitchcock et al 2005;Benzerara et al 2006) or environmental (Cody et al 1998;Braun 2005;Solomon et al 2009) origin were studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of refractory organic substances by NEXAFS using a compact X-ray source

et al. 2011

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Purpose We present the characterization of environmental samples using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra recorded with an in-house device. We want to point out the feasibility of such an easily accessed complementary technique, if not sometimes alternative to NEXAFS studies performed with synchrotron radiation, as the number of compact setups is increasing. Materials and methods The experiments were carried out using a laser-driven plasma source. We studied heterogeneous samples like refractory organic substances to demonstrate the potential of NEXAFS spectra, achieved by such an instrument, concerning specimens of high chemical complexity.Results and discussion From the respective resonance peaks in the spectra, the presence of certain functional groups, such as aromatic or carbonyl groups, is verified, and the elemental composition is estimated. The results of the reference samples are consistent with the literature. For the environmental samples, external influences of the extraction solvent or fertilizers can be determined from the spectra. Conclusions This could provide the possibility to perform test experiments with samples, which are later studied in more detail with synchrotron light and might as well give an impulse on the broader spread of the application of NEXAFS spectroscopy.

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“…hybridization state of carbon atoms in the near-surface region of carbon-based materials, such as diamond [45][46][47][48][49] , amorphous carbon 14,29,[50][51][52] , graphene 53,54 , and polymers [55][56][57] . The dependence of the intensity of the detected spectral features on the orientation of the final state orbital with respect to the electric field vector of the incident photon beam 58 also allows the surface molecular orientation of nanomaterials [59][60][61] and adsorbates 62 to be investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of the Carbon Hybridization State by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

2016

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The characterization of the local bonding configuration of carbon in carbon-based materials is of paramount importance since the properties of such materials strongly depend on the distribution of carbon hybridization states, the local ordering, and the degree of hydrogenation. Carbon 1s near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques for gaining insights into the bonding configuration of near-surface carbon atoms. The common methodology for quantitatively evaluating the carbon hybridization state using C1s NEXAFS measurements, which is based on the analysis of the sample of interest and of a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) reference sample, was reviewed and critically assessed, noting that inconsistencies are found in the literature in applying this method. A theoretical rationale for the specific experimental conditions to be used for the acquisition of HOPG reference spectra is presented together with the potential sources of uncertainty and errors in the correctly computed fraction of sp 2 -bonded carbon. This provides a specific method for analyzing the distribution of carbon hybridization state using NEXAFS spectroscopy. As an illustrative example, a hydrogenated amorphous carbon film was analyzed using this method, and showed good agreement with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (which is surface sensitive).Furthermore, the results were consistent with analysis from Raman spectroscopy (which is not surface sensitive), indicating the absence of a structurally different near-surface region in this particular thin film material. The present work can assist surface scientists in the analysis of NEXAFS spectra for the accurate characterization of the structure of carbon-based materials.3

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XANES spectra of a variety of widely used organic polymers at the C K-edge

Cited by 103 publications

References 21 publications

Physical and chemical changes in polystyrene during electron irradiation using EELS in the TEM: contribution of the dielectric function

Physical and chemical changes in polystyrene during electron irradiation using EELS in the TEM: contribution of the dielectric function

Characterization of refractory organic substances by NEXAFS using a compact X-ray source

Quantitative Evaluation of the Carbon Hybridization State by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

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