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Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects on growth, survival and anti-inflammatory cytokine (Interleukin-10) using with Nannochloropsis concentration in diets of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. In the first experiment, 60 days feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and survival of the sea cucumber fed on six experimental diets containing different inclusion level of Nannochloropsis oculata (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) in recirculating aquaculture system. Specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion efficiency (FCE) of sea cucumber fed diet containing 8% Nannochloropsis oculata algae was significantly higher than that of other diets (P<0.05). Results of the experiment suggest that dietary inclusion with 8% Nannochloropsis oculata may improve growth of sea cucumber. The second experiment was conducted to determine IL-10 gene expression where mice splenocytes were stimulated with 10 µg/ml of each diet fed sea cucumber extracts for 2 hours. The result showed that IL-10 gene expression levels were significantly increased in 6% and 8% Nannochloropsis oculata algae containing diets fed sea cucumber extracts. This result suggests that proper combination of Nannochloropsis oculata could up-regulate of IL-10 gene expression. Such detailed information could be helpful in further development of more appropriate diets for sea cucumber culture.

Effects of Diets Containing Different Concentration of Saccharina japonica Algae on Growth and Interleukin (IL)-10 Gene Expression of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

“…Naturally, gut contents of sea cucumber A. japonicus have lots of algae [12]. Arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, the polyunsaturated fatty acids biomarker of sea weeds, Saccharina japonica, represents the higher mass fraction among polyunsaturated fatty acids in the body wall of sea cucumbers [31,32,33,34,2] which indicate that sea weeds, Saccharina japonica might have an excellent contribution to sea cucumber food source. The present study showed that specific growth rate (SGR) of sea cucumber A. japonicus fed with 15% Saccharina japonica containing diet was as high as those fed with D 0 (Control) diet (Fig.…”

“…Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus belongs to Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, is a commercially important species in China, Japan and Republic of Korea [1,2]. Its market demand has increased with increasing interest as a healthy food for human.…”

“…Sea cucumber production from natural resources has decreased due to pollution and over-exploitation [3,4]. Recently sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus has been widely cultured in Asia especially Korea, China, Malaysia, Japan for its high nutritive and economic value [5,6,7,2]. Like other holothurians, sea cucumbers are deposit-feeders that ingest sediment containing organic matter [8,9,10,11] and their gut contents are dominated by different algae, diatoms, detritus, crustaceans and barnacles, echinoderm ossicles, bacteria and protozoa [12,13,2,14].…”

“…The algae Sargassum thunbergii belonging to Sargassaceae is widely used as best ingredients for sea cucumber feed in land-based intensive culture system [16,17]. Rapid expansion of sea cucumber farming, natural resources of this algal species has decreased because they are overexploited, not produced commercially, and its price is increasing rapidly [18,19,20,2,14]. Meanwhile, sea cucumber have high content of n-6 fatty acids, low n-3 fatty acids and lower n-3/n-6 ratio by feeding commercial feed where mostly used S. thunbergii.…”

“…In Malaysia and China, it has been used as tonic and traditional remedy of different allergic and inflammatory diseases like asthma. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a vital role for the mitigation of inflammatory responses [2,14,22]. IL-10 is an antiinflammatory cytokine that down regulates the synthesis of Th1 (T helper 1) and Th2 (T helper 2)-associated cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory enzymes.…”