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Zwankhuizen, M.J.; Govers, F.; Zadoks, J.C.

doi:10.1023/a:1008756229164

Cited by 70 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This is similar to the situation in other European countries. For example, a higher proportion of the A2 mating type has been found in certain years and/or regions in Germany, Poland and The Netherlands (Schöber and Turkensteen, 1992;Sujkowski et al, 1994; Zwankhuizen et al, 2000). We found that in Estonia, A2 and A1 isolates often occurred in the same field, suggesting that sexual reproduction is theoretically possible (Turkensteen et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Fingerprint IV was identical with Russian fingerprint MO-14 (isolated from tomato) and fingerprint V with Russian fingerprints SIB-2 and MO-2 , Finnish fingerprint F-6 (Brurberg et al 1999), Norwegian fingerprint N-3 (Brurberg et al 1999) and British fingerprint RF008 (Day et al 2004). Additionally, genotypes I and VII were similar to Dutch fingerprints NL-23 and NL-114 (Zwankhuizen et al 2000) and fingerprint IV was similar to Northern Ireland fingerprint NI-1a (Cooke et al 2006). However, Sujkowski et al (1994) reported that isolates collected in 1983 in Estonia had the same allozyme and DNA fingerprint genotypes as the most common Polish genotype PO-4, which was not found in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In some European countries, P. infestans apparently reproduces sexually. Recent reports on the sexual reproduction of P. infestans have been published from The Netherlands Zwankhuizen et al 2000), Sweden (Anderson et al 1998), Norway and Finland (Brurberg et al 1999;Hannukkala et al 2007) and Poland (Śliwka et al 2006). The old population was generally sensitive to phenylamides but the new population contained resistant/tolerant isolates (Goodwin et al 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from potato in Estonia during 2002–2003

et al. 2009

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A collection of 101 isolates of Phytophthora infestans, obtained from seven sampling sites representing central, east and south-east Estonia during 2002 and 2003 were assessed for several phenotypic and genotypic markers. All 101 isolates were assessed for virulence and resistance to metalaxyl. Virulence to each of the 11 classic resistance genes was found among the tested isolates. The mean number of virulences per isolate was 6.3, with a very low frequency of virulence against resistance genes R5 (5%) and R9 (14%). The most common pathotypes were 1.3.4.7.8.10.11 and 1.3.4.7.10.11, representing altogether 12% of the studied strains. In terms of metalaxyl resistance, 30 resistant, 52 intermediate and 19 sensitive isolates were found. A subgroup of 50 isolates was assessed for mating type, allozymes [glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) and peptidase (Pep)], DNA fingerprints with probe RG57 and mtDNA haplotype. Of this subset, 30 were A1 and 20 were A2. Collections from three of the seven fields contained both mating types. Allozyme analysis did not reveal any polymorphism. However, 19 diverse RG57 fingerprints were detected, and two mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, Ia and IIa, were detected. By combining the mating type, mtDNA haplotype and RG57 fingerprint data, 26 multilocus genotypes were identified, of which 18 were detected only once. Genotypic diversity measured by the normalised Shannon diversity index was high (0.76). The large number of multilocus genotypes and the presence of both mating types in some fields indicate that sexual reproduction may take place in Estonian populations of P. infestans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from potato in Estonia during 2002–2003

et al. 2009

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“…The introduction of the A2 mating type into Europe resulted in a shift from low to high nuclear genetic diversity in the Netherlands, particularly in places where both mating types were found together, mirroring the diversity found in central Mexico (18,(20)(21)(22). Greater diversity in a place may be due to a particular history of founder effects, extinctions, and expansions of local populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies

Gómez-Alpízar

Carbone

Ristaino

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

113

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Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary caused the 19th century Irish Potato Famine. We assessed the genealogical history of P. infestans using sequences from portions of two nuclear genes (␤-tubulin and Ras) and several mitochondrial loci P3, (rpl14, rpl5, tRNA) and P4 (Cox1) from 94 isolates from South, Central, and North America, as well as Ireland. Summary statistics, migration analyses and the genealogy of current populations of P. infestans for both nuclear and mitochondrial loci are consistent with an ''out of South America'' origin for P. infestans. Mexican populations of P. infestans from the putative center of origin in Toluca Mexico harbored less nucleotide and haplotype diversity than Andean populations. Coalescent-based genealogies of all loci were congruent and demonstrate the existence of two lineages leading to present day haplotypes of P. infestans on potatoes. The oldest lineage associated with isolates from the section Anarrhichomenun including Solanum tetrapetalum from Ecuador was identified as Phytophthora andina and evolved from a common ancestor of P. infestans. Nuclear and mitochondrial haplotypes found in Toluca Mexico were derived from only one of the two lineages, whereas haplotypes from Andean populations in Peru and Ecuador were derived from both lineages. Haplotypes found in populations from the U.S. and Ireland was derived from both ancestral lineages that occur in South America suggesting a common ancestry among these populations. The geographic distribution of mutations on the rooted gene genealogies demonstrate that the oldest mutations in P. infestans originated in South America and are consistent with a South American origin.late blight ͉ oomycetes ͉ phylogeography ͉ Solanum tuberosum ͉ stamenopiles

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Oomycete Genetics and Genomics

Lamour¹,

Kamoun²

2008

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Cited by 70 publications

References 29 publications

Characterisation of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from potato in Estonia during 2002–2003

Characterisation of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from potato in Estonia during 2002–2003

An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies

Oomycete Genetics and Genomics

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