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Kirchmann, Holger; Esala, Martti; Morken, John; Ferm, Martin; Bussink, W.; Gustavsson, Jan; Jakobsson, Christine

doi:10.1023/a:1009738825468

Cited by 31 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…A9 was near a rubbish dump place while A15 was inside a farm house with poultry. Agricultural activities, in particular animal husbandry, are the dominant source of NH 3 emissions to the atmosphere, contributing an estimated 90% of the total in Western Europe (Battye et al 1994;Kirchmann et al 1998;Sutton et al 1995). The NH 3 concentration drops rather quickly as we move away from the A15 and A13.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality assessment in Southern Kuwait using diffusive passive samplers

Ramadan

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Measurements of fortnightly average concentrations of NO, NO2, SO2, H2S, NH3, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (aromatics=benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m+p-xylene, ethyl benzene; non-aromatics=nonane and octane) were carried out in the period from 26/10/05 to 24/11/05 at 20 points in the southern part of Kuwait as part of a baseline environmental impact assessment study requested by Kuwait National Petroleum Company. Two waves of triplicate diffusive passive samplers were used. A high volume air sampler was used to measure PM10 too. During the sampling period, the wind was observed to be mainly from the west and northwest with an average of 4.28 m/s. The consistency of the results allowed the production of spatial distribution maps of the pollutants measured and consequently the comparison between levels of air pollution at different locations. A comparison between the measured concentrations and the applicable air quality standards promulgated by Kuwait Environment Public Authority (KEPA) showed that those compounds had low concentrations compared to both industrial and residential KEPA standards. For other compounds which are not covered by KEPA standards, the results were compared with relevant limits of US Environment Protect Agency (USEPA) and US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The comparison showed that the measured compounds had low concentrations compared to the existing standards and, accordingly, no violation of air quality standards is reported.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality assessment in Southern Kuwait using diffusive passive samplers

Ramadan

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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“…In the early 1980s, people realized the danger of NH 3 emission and began to consider NH 3 emission as an environmental issue. Before the 20th century, NH 3 emissions were mainly caused by agriculture fertilizers, livestock production, and waste disposal processes (domestic waste compost). , With the development and revolution of industry, NH 3 and other greenhouse gases emissions from industrial plants gradually increase, such as leakage from ammonia and urea synthesis process, emission of chemical process of nonferrous metals (vanadium, molybdenum), and volatilization of ammonia refrigeration systems, to name a few. , NH 3 emission not only causes nitrogen waste in agricultural systems and industrial resources spoilage, but also brings about air pollution. The NH 3 discharged into the atmosphere can react with acid gases (SOx, NOx, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Ammonia Separation by Ionic Liquids

Zhang

Dong

Zeng

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Ammonia (NH3) is an important chemical in several fields, such as agriculture, pharmaceutical, material, and chemicals manufacturing. However, NH3 is a toxic gaseous pollutant and NH3 release results in environment pollution. Minimizing NH3 emission is of great significance for solving NH3-related environmental issues and promoting the reuse of NH3 resources. Ionic liquids (ILs) are energy-saving gas absorbents, because of their low vapor pressure, good chemical stability, and high NH3 solubility. The recent research progress of conventional, functionalized ILs and novel IL-based materials and solvents for NH3 separation was summarized. The effects of anions and cations on NH3 absorption capacity, as well as the absorption mechanism of ILs, were discussed in detail in this Review. The simulated dynamic parameters of NH3–IL systems including mass diffusivity, heat- and mass-transfer coefficient were also discussed. In addition, this Review summarized the industrial application achievement of ILs in NH3 separation and recovery from NH3-containing tail gas, which spans from simulation, pilot plant to industrial applications. Finally, the research trends in NH3 separation by IL-based systems were proposed based on existing research.

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“…Ammonia can cause animal health hazards at high concentrations (NRC, 2003) and human respiratory problems as a precursor to fine particulate formation (Kampa and Castanas, 2008). Excess environmental NH 3 can also degrade terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems through acid deposition and eutrophication (Kirchmann et al, 1998). At present, there are large uncertainties in the national NH 3 emissions inventories for livestock waste.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Lagoons in the Western U.S.

Leytem¹,

Bjorneberg²,

Rotz³

et al. 2018

Transactions of the ASABE

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Ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from dairy liquid storage systems can be a source of reactive nitrogen (N) released to the environment, with a potential to adversely affect sensitive ecosystems and human health. However, little on-farm research has been conducted to estimate these emissions and determine the factors that may affect these emissions. Six lagoons in south-central Idaho were monitored for one year using open-path Fourier transform spectrometry, with NH 3 emissions estimated using inverse dispersion modeling (WindTrax software). Lagoon physicochemical characteristics thought to contribute to NH 3 emissions were also monitored over this period. Average total emissions from the lagoons ranged from 12 to 43 kg NH 3 ha -1 d -1 , or 5.4 to 85 kg NH 3 d -1 . Emissions from the settling basin on one dairy were 30% of the total emissions from the liquid storage system, indicating that basins are important sources of on-farm NH 3 emissions. Emissions generally trended greater during the summer, when temperatures were greater. High wind events and agitation of the lagoons created temporary increases in NH 3 emissions irrespective of temperature. Lagoon physicochemical characteristics, such as total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), were highly correlated with emissions (r = 0.52 and 0.55, respectively). Regression models were developed to predict on-farm NH 3 emissions and indicated that TKN, TAN, wind speed, air temperature, and pH were the main drivers of these emissions. An on-farm N balance suggested that lagoon NH 3 -N losses represented 9% of total N lost from the facility, 65% of total lagoon N, and 5% of dairy herd N intake. A process-based model (Integrated Farm System Model) estimated values for N excretion and NH 3 -N loss from the lagoon within 5% of that measured on-farm. More on-farm research is needed to better refine both process-based models and emission factor estimates to more accurately predict NH 3 emissions from lagoons on dairies in the western U.S.

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Untitled

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

Air quality assessment in Southern Kuwait using diffusive passive samplers

Air quality assessment in Southern Kuwait using diffusive passive samplers

An Overview of Ammonia Separation by Ionic Liquids

Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Lagoons in the Western U.S.

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