Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Lagoons in the Western U.S.

Leytem, April B.; Bjorneberg, David L.; Rotz, C. Al; Moraes, L.E.; Kebreab, E.; Dungan, Robert S.

doi:10.13031/trans.12646

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…These results are consistent with Leytem et al. (2018), who observed higher CH 4 emission fluxes in warmer than cooler periods. They attributed the higher fluxes to higher microbial activity in the wastewater systems.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…According to Barbera et al (2019), thermophilic methanogens thrive well between 4 and 100 ˚C but are more active at higher temperatures. These results are consistent with Leytem et al (2018), who observed higher CH 4 emission fluxes in warmer than cooler periods. They attributed the higher fluxes to higher microbial activity in the wastewater systems.…”

Section: Ambient Temperature and Influent Conditionssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Efficacy of a vermifilter at mitigating greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater

et al. 2022

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Dairy effluent is a potential source of gaseous pollutants associated with global warming and soil acidification. Mitigating such emissions during handling and storage requires substantial financial and labor input. This study evaluated a low‐cost technology for mitigating gaseous emissions from dairy wastewater. For 9 mo, a pilot‐scale vermifilter system installed on a commercial dairy farm was studied. Bimonthly samples of the dairy wastewater influent and effluent from the vermifilter system were collected. These samples’ potential gas emissions (ammonia [NH3], methane [CH4], carbon dioxide [CO2], and nitrous oxide [N2O]) were measured using a closed‐loop dynamic flux chamber method. Results indicated the following reductions in emissions of these gases by the vermifilter system: 84–100% for NH3, 58–82% for CO2, and 95–100% for CH4. Nitrous oxide emissions were mainly below our instrument detection limits and were thus not reported. The vermifilter showed the potential of reducing the global warming potential from the dairy wastewater by up to 100%. This study further indicated that higher ambient temperatures led to higher emissions of CH4 (R2 = .56) and NH3 (R2 = .53) from untreated dairy wastewater. Overall, the vermifilter system has potential to mitigate gaseous emissions from dairy wastewater.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Ambient Temperature and Influent Conditionssupporting

confidence: 93%

Efficacy of a vermifilter at mitigating greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater

et al. 2022

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“…Comparing IFSM simulations of feed production and intake, fossil energy use, and production costs with actual records for the US Meat Animal Research Center showed differences of less than 1% during the study year of 2011 (Rotz et al, 2013). Numerous other studies have verified the model's ability to represent feed crop production, animal performance, emissions, and other components of the model in dairy production (e.g., Belflower et al, 2012;Rotz et al, 2014;Bonifacio et al, 2015;Jego et al, 2015;Leytem et al, 2018).…”

Section: Modeling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 87%

Regional environmental assessment of dairy farms

Rotz

Stout

Holly

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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A comprehensive, yet in depth, assessment is needed of the environmental impacts of dairy farms at regional and national scales to better track improvements made by the industry. With Pennsylvania as an example, a method using process-level simulation and cradle-tofarm gate life cycle assessment was developed and used to assess important environmental footprints of dairy farms within a state. Representative dairy farms of various sizes and management practices throughout 7 regions of the state were simulated with the Integrated Farm System Model. Environmental footprints varied widely among farms, with this variation influenced primarily by soil characteristics and climate and secondarily by farm management. Therefore, prescriptive mitigation strategies for individual farms are more effective than uniform enforcement of specific strategies across the state. Footprints for the whole state were determined by totaling values among farms and regions based on the amounts of milk produced by each. Pennsylvania dairy farms were determined to emit 4,555 with an uncertainty of ±415 Gg of CO 2 equivalent of greenhouse gas with an intensity of 0.99 ± 0.09 kg of CO 2 equivalent/kg of fat-and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) produced. Fossil energy consumption was 12,324 ± 1,946 TJ or 2.69 ± 0.42 MJ/kg of FPCM. Blue (nonprecipitation) water consumption was 64.1 ± 13.5 Tg with an intensity of 14.0 ± 3.0 kg/kg of FPCM. A total of all forms of reactive N loss was 43.2 ± 5.0 Gg with an intensity of 9.4 ± 1.1 g/kg of FPCM. These metrics were equivalent to 1.6% of the greenhouse gas emissions, 0.4% of fossil energy use, and 0.8% of fresh water consumption reported for the state. Thus, greenhouse gas emissions, fossil energy use, and blue water use associated with dairy farm production are relatively small compared with total estimates for the state. Perhaps the greatest environmental concern is that of ammonia emission, where dairy farms accounted for about half the estimated emissions of the state. This method can be applied to assessments of the dairy industry at larger regional and national scales.

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“…The 270-300 • sector dominated the wind direction at IGIA (Acharja et al, 2021). Figure 5a shows that the highest NH 3 concentration was associated with the winds coming from the east and southeast of the site, where it could have been emitted from dairy farms, including animal houses, yards, and manure storage, as well as by the application to the farmland of urea and other ammoniacal fertilizers, ammoniacal wastes, and ruminant urine located at this region (Hindustan Times, 2021;Leytem et al, 2018;Sherlock et al, 1994). Such sources of NH 3 volatilization (Hristov et al, 2011;Laubach et al, 2013) can also explain the higher concentrations of total NH + 4 (and, by definition, NH x ) for air coming from the southeast of the measurement site (Fig.…”

Section: Gas-to-particle Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride (HCl ∕ Cl⁻) dominates inorganic aerosol formation from ammonia in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter: modeling and comparison with observations

et al. 2023

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Abstract. The Winter Fog Experiment (WiFEX) was an intensive field campaign conducted at Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) Delhi, India, in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during the winter of 2017–2018. Here, we report the first comparison in South Asia of high-temporal-resolution simulation of ammonia (NH3) along with ammonium (NH4+) and total NHx (i.e., NH3+ NH4+) using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) and measurements made using the Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in Ambient Air (MARGA) at the WiFEX research site. In the present study, we incorporated the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) aerosol scheme into WRF-Chem. Despite simulated total NHx values and variability often agreeing well with the observations, the model frequently simulated higher NH3 and lower NH4+ concentrations than the observations. Under the winter conditions of high relative humidity (RH) in Delhi, hydrogen chloride (HCl) was found to promote the increase in the particle fraction of NH4+ (which accounted for 49.5 % of the resolved aerosol in equivalent units), with chloride (Cl−) (29.7 %) as the primary anion. By contrast, the absence of chloride (HCl / Cl−) chemistry in the standard WRF-Chem model results in the prediction of sulfate (SO42-) as the dominant inorganic aerosol anion. To understand the mismatch associated with the fraction of NHx in the particulate phase (NH4+ / NHx), we added HCl / Cl− to the model and evaluated the influence of its chemistry by conducting three sensitivity experiments using the model: no HCl, base case HCl (using a published waste burning inventory), and 3 × base HCl run. We found that 3 × base HCl increased the simulated average NH4+ by 13.1 µg m−3 and NHx by 9.8 µg m−3 concentration while reducing the average NH3 by 3.2 µg m−3, which is more in accord with the measurements. Thus HCl / Cl− chemistry in the model increases total NHx concentration, which was further demonstrated by reducing NH3 emissions by a factor of 3 (−3 × NH3_EMI) in the 3 × base HCl simulation. Reducing NH3 emissions in the 3 × base HCl simulation successfully addressed the discrepancy between measured and modeled total NHx. We conclude that modeling the fate of NH3 in Delhi requires a correct chemistry mechanism accounting for chloride dynamics with accurate inventories of both NH3 and HCl emissions.

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Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Lagoons in the Western U.S.

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Efficacy of a vermifilter at mitigating greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater

Efficacy of a vermifilter at mitigating greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater

Regional environmental assessment of dairy farms

Chloride (HCl ∕ Cl⁻) dominates inorganic aerosol formation from ammonia in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter: modeling and comparison with observations

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Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Lagoons in the Western U.S.

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Efficacy of a vermifilter at mitigating greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater

Efficacy of a vermifilter at mitigating greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater

Regional environmental assessment of dairy farms

Chloride (HCl ∕ Cl−) dominates inorganic aerosol formation from ammonia in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter: modeling and comparison with observations

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Product

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Chloride (HCl ∕ Cl⁻) dominates inorganic aerosol formation from ammonia in the Indo-Gangetic Plain during winter: modeling and comparison with observations