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Peles, John D.; Towler, William I.; Guttman, Sheldon I.

doi:10.1023/a:1026269804938

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There are examples in the wild of selective effects of chemicals on populations. Numerous field studies have shown historical metal pollution has imposed selection on exposed wildlife populations, with directional evolution in neutral marker loci along spatial and temporal gradients of exposure (Klerks & Weis 1987;Groenendijk et al 2002;Klerks 2002;Peles et al 2003). Increasing levels of metal contamination are often associated with reduced genetic variation at the population level.…”

Section: The Genetic Basis For Chemical Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation, inbreeding and chemical exposure—combined effects in wildlife and critical considerations for ecotoxicology

Brown

Hosken

Balloux

et al. 2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Exposure to environmental chemicals can have negative consequences for wildlife and even cause localized population extinctions. Resistance to chemical stress, however, can evolve and the mechanisms include desensitized target sites, reduced chemical uptake and increased metabolic detoxification and sequestration. Chemical resistance in wildlife populations can also arise independently of exposure and may be spread by gene flow between populations. Inbreeding-matings between closely related individuals-can have negative fitness consequences for natural populations, and there is evidence of inbreeding depression in many wildlife populations. In some cases, reduced fitness in inbred populations has been shown to be exacerbated under chemical stress. In chemical testing, both inbred and outbred laboratory animals are used and for human safety assessments, isogenic strains (virtual clones) of mice and rats are often employed that reduce response variation, the number of animals used and associated costs. In contrast, for environmental risk assessment, strains of animals are often used that have been selectively bred to maintain heterozygosity, with the assumption that they are better able to predict adverse effects in wild, genetically variable, animals. This may not necessarily be the case however, as one outbred strain may not be representative of another or of a wild population. In this paper, we critically discuss relationships between genetic variation, inbreeding and chemical effects with the intention of seeking to support more effective chemical testing for the protection of wildlife.

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Section: The Genetic Basis For Chemical Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation, inbreeding and chemical exposure—combined effects in wildlife and critical considerations for ecotoxicology

Brown

Hosken

Balloux

et al. 2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…The effect of environmental contaminants on population genetic structure has been the subject of many recent studies ( − ). Environmental contamination can influence population genetic structure via genetic bottlenecks, genetic adaptation to contaminants, alternations in gene flow, or enhanced mutation rate (see refs 27−30 for reviews).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Altered Gene Flow, Mutation Rate, and Genetic Diversity in Redbreast Sunfish from a Pulp-Mill-Contaminated River

Theodorakis

Lee

Adams

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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To determine effects of pulp mill effluent on population genetic structure, redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) were collected from several sites along the Pigeon River, NC, as well as from reference sites. Previous studies found effects on molecular, biochemical, physiological, population, and community level endpoints in these populations. The population genetic structure of these fish was determined using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. The level of genetic diversity was higher in the Pigeon River populations than in the reference populations. Genetic distances among populations could not be explained by drainage patterns and may have been altered by contaminant exposure. Phylogeographic analysis, maximum likelihood analysis, and assignment tests suggested that there were fewer emigrants and more immigrants in the contaminated sites than in the reference sites, suggesting that the contaminated sites may harbor "sinklike" populations. Finally, a "terminal branch amplitype" analysis (neighbor-joining and minimum-spanning trees) and maximum likelihood analysis indicated that there may be an elevated mutation rate in the polluted sites. Thus, the genetic diversity (within and among populations) in the Pigeon River populations may have been affected by altered gene flow and mutational processes as a result of pulp mill effluent discharge.

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“…The use of population genetic data to investigate effects of chronic contaminant exposure has proven effective in studies representing a diversity of organisms and ecological settings. Molecular genetics is a powerful tool to identify reductions in genetic diversity (Murdoch and Hebert 1994), contamination-induced natural selection (Bridges and Semlitsch 2001; Foré et al 1995a, 1995b; Peles et al 2003; Theodorakis and Shugart 1997), ecological sinks (Baker et al 2001; Matson et al 2000; Theodorakis et al 2001), and increased mutation rates (Ellegren et al 1997; Forster et al 2002; Somers et al 2002). The application of evolutionary or population genetic approaches to problems in ecotoxicology has been reviewed in several articles (Belfiore and Anderson 2001; Bickham et al 2000; Bickham and Smolen 1994; Hebert and Luiker 1996; Van Straalen and Timmermans 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Toxicology: Population-Level Effects of Chronic Contaminant Exposure on the Marsh Frogs ( Rana ridibunda ) of Azerbaijan

Matson

Lambert

McDonald³

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

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We used molecular methods and population genetic analyses to study the effects of chronic contaminant exposure in marsh frogs from Sumgayit, Azerbaijan. Marsh frogs inhabiting wetlands in Sumgayit are exposed to complex mixtures of chemical contaminants, including petroleum products, pesticides, heavy metals, and many other industrial chemicals. Previous results documented elevated estimates of genetic damage in marsh frogs from the two most heavily contaminated sites. Based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence data, the Sumgayit region has reduced levels of genetic diversity, likely due to environmental degradation. The Sumgayit region also acts as an ecological sink, with levels of gene flow into the region exceeding gene flow out of the region. Additionally, localized mtDNA heteroplasmy and diversity patterns suggest that one of the most severely contaminated sites in Sumgayit is acting as a source of new mutations resulting from an increased mutation rate. This study provides an integrated method for assessing the cumulative population impacts of chronic contaminant exposure by studying both population genetic and evolutionary effects.

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Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Genetic variation, inbreeding and chemical exposure—combined effects in wildlife and critical considerations for ecotoxicology

Genetic variation, inbreeding and chemical exposure—combined effects in wildlife and critical considerations for ecotoxicology

Evidence of Altered Gene Flow, Mutation Rate, and Genetic Diversity in Redbreast Sunfish from a Pulp-Mill-Contaminated River

Evolutionary Toxicology: Population-Level Effects of Chronic Contaminant Exposure on the Marsh Frogs ( Rana ridibunda ) of Azerbaijan

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