X-Ray synchrotron radiation in physicochemical studies

Abstract

Modern modifications of the conventional X-ray meth-Modern modifications of the conventional X-ray methods of physicochemical analysis (X-ray and electron spectroscopy, ods of physicochemical analysis (X-ray and electron spectroscopy, diffraction methods, diffraction methods, etc. etc.) and new combined techniques using) and new combined techniques using X-ray synchrotron radiation are considered. Unique character-X-ray synchrotron radiation are considered. Unique characteristics of synchrotron radiation are noted, namely, continuous istics of synchrotron radiation are noted, namely, continuous spectrum, exceptionally high intensity, polarisation, coherence, spectrum, exceptionally high intensity, polarisation, coherence, pulse nature, pulse nature, etc. etc. The key trends in the use of combined methods The key trends in the use of combined methods in chemistry and materials science including studies of substances in chemistry and materials science including studies of substances under extreme conditions, the study of rapid processes, studies under extreme conditions, the study of rapid processes, studies with high spatial resolution are discussed. The achievements in the with high spatial resolution are discussed. The achievements in the applications of synchrotron radiation are illustrated by examples applications of synchrotron radiation are illustrated by examples from various fields of chemistry and related sciences. The biblio-from various fields of chemistry and related sciences. The bibliography includes 405 references. graphy includes 405 references.. .

Fluorite-pyrochlore phase transition in nanostructured Ln2Hf2O7 (Ln = La-Lu)

“…2) due to the proximity of atomic numbers of Hf (Z = 72) and rare-earth elements from La (Z = 57) to Dy (Z = 66). In order to enhance the contrast between the lanthanide and hafnium cations we used anomalous (resonant) x-ray diffraction [57,58]. It was found that the experimental intensity of the pyrochlore peaks are significantly altered for photon energies near the L 3 -Hf absorption edge (Fig.…”

X-ray structural studies of the Pd-In-Ru system using synchrotron radiation

“…Exceptional characteristics of SR [17][18][19] allowed us to identify fluctuations in the arrangement of atoms in superstructural phases. The presence of domains of different degree ordering in the alloy matrix has led to a nontrivial form of diffraction profiles.…”

“…There are several advantages for synchrotron radiation (SR) in comparison with X-ray tube radiation, including: brightness, high photon flux, level of monochromatization, easily adjusted X-ray wavelength, a high degree of polarization and collimation provide a new level of X-ray analysis as well as the quality of information acquisition [17][18][19]. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform an X-ray diffraction study of membranes using SR with special attention to the region of small angles where order-disorder phase transitions occur in the Pd-In-Ru system after hydrogenation can be observed.…”

Compound-tunable embedding potential method: analysis of pseudopotentials for Yb in YbF2, YbF3, YbCl2 and YbCl3 crystals

“…There are materials which contain transition metals (d-elements), lanthanides and actinides (f-and d&f-elements, correspondingly), [1][2][3] either as the atoms in a unit cell or point defects. Though a new era in investigating materials and defects containing heavy transition metals, lanthanides and actinides (d/f-elements below) was opened due to impressive recent achievements in creating experimental facilities like X-ray free-electron lasers, synchrotrons, 4,5 etc., to study local atomic-scale electronic structures in such materials, it remains most challenging for theoretical study to-date. First, a simultaneous treatment of relativistic and correlation effects at a very high level is required for their reliable calculations.…”