X-ray Raman scattering for bulk chemical and structural insight into green carbon

Abstract

X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) spectroscopy is an emerging inelastic scattering technique which uses hard X-rays to study the X-ray absorption edges of low-Z elements (e.g. C, N, O) in bulk....

X-ray Raman Scattering: A Hard X-ray Probe of Complex Organic Systems

“…The experimental core electron transitions are matching with the calculation; however, the experimental intensity is not well predicted. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

“…The core electron transitions in different functional groups are noted. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

“…Note the spectral distortions of soft X-ray NEXAFS spectra possibly due to self-absorption, linked to the sample thickness. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

“…Biomass-Derived Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Carbon. Higgins et al 27 report on the use of carbon K-edge spectroscopy via XRS for the study of pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbons, carbon materials that are thermochemically produced from renewable sources. Fingerprints of the carbon K-edge confirm structural differences between biomassderived (Oak, Quercus ilex) pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbon (Figure 16).…”

“…The last two decades have seen the rapid development of XRS-based research for the study of low-energy edge transitions for a variety of organic materials, − liquid systems − including water-based systems, − gases, − and crystals. ,− XRS has been also employed to access transitions beyond the dipole limit (i.e., multipole transitions) in light elements, − lanthanides, − and actinides. − Following the pioneering work by Mao et al, a considerable amount of work has been published on the in situ characterization of materials under high pressure via XRS, in which the samples under study are enclosed by diamond anvil cells and a gasket material. The goal of high pressure XRS studies is to probe variations in the bonding characteristics, orbital hybridization, oxidation state, and spin state to understand the local atomic structure and/or the changes of electronic structure of the materials under study .…”