X-ray properties and interface study of B4C/Mo and B4C/Mo2C periodic multilayers

Choueikani, Fadi; Bridou, Françoise; Lagarde, Bruno; Meltchakov, Evgueni; Polack, F.; Mercère, Pascal; Delmotte, F.

doi:10.1007/s00339-013-7560-3

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The monochromator is equipped with two plane gratings, Gra and Grb, which are respectively a variable groove depth (VGD) 19 grating with 1600 lines/mm, and a Mo 2 C/B 4 C alternate multilayer (AML) grating with 2400 lines/mm. [20][21][22] The VGD grating is optimized for the energy range 240-1500 eV while the AML grating is optimized for the energy domain 1000-2500 eV. The efficiency of both gratings is detailed in Sec.…”

Section: Plane Grating Monochromator (Pgm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

DEIMOS: A beamline dedicated to dichroism measurements in the 350–2500 eV energy range

Ohresser

Otero

Choueikani

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The DEIMOS (Dichroism Experimental Installation for Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy) beamline was part of the second phase of the beamline development at French Synchrotron SOLEIL (Source Optimisée de Lumière à Energie Intermédiaire du LURE) and opened to users in March 2011. It delivers polarized soft x-rays to perform x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, and x-ray linear dichroism in the energy range 350-2500 eV. The beamline has been optimized for stability and reproducibility in terms of photon flux and photon energy. The main end-station consists in a cryo-magnet with 2 split coils providing a 7 T magnetic field along the beam or 2 T perpendicular to the beam with a controllable temperature on the sample from 370 K down to 1.5 K.

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Section: Plane Grating Monochromator (Pgm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

DEIMOS: A beamline dedicated to dichroism measurements in the 350–2500 eV energy range

Ohresser

Otero

Choueikani

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

Self Cite

124

111

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“…For higher energy, the VLS-VGD gratings are no longer efficient. In this high-energy range, a newly developed multilayer grating (Lagarde et al, 2013b;Choueikani et al, 2013) is used to cover the 1 keV to 2.5 keV photon energy range efficiently.…”

Section: Monochromatormentioning

confidence: 99%

HERMES: a soft X-ray beamline dedicated to X-ray microscopy

et al. 2015

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The HERMES beamline (High Efficiency and Resolution beamline dedicated to X-ray Microscopy and Electron Spectroscopy), built at Synchrotron SOLEIL (Saint-Auban, France), is dedicated to soft X-ray microscopy. The beamline combines two complementary microscopy methods: XPEEM (X-ray Photo Emitted Electron Microscopy) and STXM (Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy) with an aim to reach spatial resolution below 20 nm and to fully exploit the local spectroscopic capabilities of the two microscopes. The availability of the two methods within the same beamline enables the users to select the appropriate approach to study their specific case in terms of sample environment, spectroscopy methods, probing depth etc. In this paper a general description of the beamline and its design are presented. The performance and specifications of the beamline will be reviewed in detail. Moreover, the article is aiming to demonstrate how the beamline performances have been specifically optimized to fulfill the specific requirements of a soft X-ray microscopy beamline in terms of flux, resolution, beam size etc. Special attention has been dedicated to overcome some limiting and hindering problems that are usually encountered on soft X-ray beamlines such as carbon contamination, thermal stability and spectral purity.

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“…That is to say, the Mo 2 C compound shows small possibility of phase separation. Moreover the thermal stability of Mo 2 C has been already demonstrated [16,46]. Regarding the results mentioned above, we infer that there is a possibility of excess C atoms existing in the multilayer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Interface observation of heat-treated Co/Mo2C multilayers

Yuan

Guen

André

et al. 2015

Applied Surface Science

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We study the interface evolution of a series of periodic Co/Mo 2 C multilayers as a function of the annealing temperature up to 600°C. Different complementary techniques are implemented to get information on the phenomenon taking place at the interfaces of the stack. The periodical structure of Co/Mo 2 C multilayer is proven by Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) depth profiles which demonstrate the formation of an oxide layer at both air/stack and stack/substrate interfaces. From Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, we observed the intermixing phenomenon of Co and C atoms for the asdeposited sample, and then at annealing temperature above 300°C Co and C atoms separate from their mixed regions. Comparison of NMR results between Co/Mo 2 C and Co/C references confirms this phenomenon. This is in agreement with x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) measurements. Furthermore the calculation of the Co-C, Co-Mo and Mo-C mixing enthalpy using Miedema's model gives a proof of the demixing of Co and C atoms present within the stacks above 300°C. From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, we found the presence of some crystallites within the as-deposited sample as well as the mainly amorphous nature of all layers. This is confirmed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns which also demonstrate the growth of crystallites induced upon annealing.

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X-ray properties and interface study of B4C/Mo and B4C/Mo2C periodic multilayers

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

DEIMOS: A beamline dedicated to dichroism measurements in the 350–2500 eV energy range

DEIMOS: A beamline dedicated to dichroism measurements in the 350–2500 eV energy range

HERMES: a soft X-ray beamline dedicated to X-ray microscopy

Interface observation of heat-treated Co/Mo2C multilayers

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