X-Ray Photography and Sensitivity in Forest Tree Species

Simak, Milan; Gustafsson, Åke

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1953.tb03430.x

Cited by 65 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Although the X-rays are potentially harmful to seeds, the low dose absorbed during the analysis does not cause genetic mutations or affect seed germination (Simak and Gustafsson, 1953). Therefore, it is nondestructive, allowing physiological tests with seeds and the establishment of cause and effect relationships (Cicero and Banzatto-Junior, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between eggplant seed morphology and germination

Silva¹,

Cícero²,

Bennett

2012

Rev. bras. sementes

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-Structural differences such as abnormalities, damage and free spaces in seeds may affect germination. The aim of this study was to study the relationship between eggplant seed morphology and seed germination. Ten seed lots of the eggplant cultivar Embu were evaluated by X-ray image analysis and the germination test. Seed image analysis was performed by Image Pro Plus ® software and the whole seed area and free space between the embryo and endosperm were measured. The internal seed area filled by the embryo and endosperm was calculated from the difference between the whole seed and free space areas. Based on these results and visual seed analysis, seeds were classified into three categories and information on germination was obtained for each one. X-ray image analysis provides a perfect view of the internal seed parts and for seed morphology studies. An increase in seed area filled by the endosperm and embryo does not improve seed germination. Mechanical seed damage and deteriorated tissues can adversely affect seed germination.Index terms: X-ray, Solanum melongena L., embryo.Relação entre a morfologia interna e a germinação de sementes de berinjela RESUMO -Diferenças estruturais como anormalidades, danos e áreas livres no interior da semente podem afetar diretamente a germinação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a relação existente entre a morfologia interna de sementes de berinjela e a germinação. Para tanto, sementes de berinjela, representadas por 10 lotes (cultivar Embu), foram avaliadas por meio do teste de raios X, sendo posteriormente submetidas ao teste de germinação. As imagens das sementes foram analisadas com o software Image Pro Plus ® e o espaço livre entre o embrião e o endosperma de cada semente foi mensurado calculando-se o espaço da cavidade interna das sementes ocupado pelo embrião e endosperma, por diferença; com base nestes dados e na análise visual das sementes, foi realizada a classificação das sementes em três categorias e os resultados foram confrontados com os dados de germinação. Conclui-se que a análise de raios X permite a visualização das partes componentes das sementes de berinjela e, assim, possibilita o estudo da relação entre a morfologia interna e a germinação. A presença de maior área ocupada pelo embrião e endosperma não favoreceu a germinação. Danos mecânicos ou presença de tecidos deteriorados nas sementes podem afetar negativamente a germinação.Termos para indexação: Solanum melongena L., raios X, embrião.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The X-ray test has been used with various objectives including relating internal morphology to seed germination in tomatoes (Van Der Burg et al, 1994), Lithraea molleoides (Machado and Cicero, 2003), Peltophorum dubium (Oliveira et al, 2003), bell pepper (Dell'Áquilla, 2007Gagliardi and Marcos-Filho, 2011) and rice (Menezes et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between eggplant seed morphology and germination

Silva¹,

Cícero²,

Bennett

2012

Rev. bras. sementes

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“…The X-ray test has been used in seed studies since the 1950s, when Simak and Gustafsson (1953) showed its viability for evaluation of the quality of Pinus sylvestris L seeds. Thus, this technique has been used in genetic plant breeding studies, enabling detection of abnormalities in embryos and determination of their stage of development, as well as in isolation of mutant embryos of Arabidopsis haliana .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic analysis to assess the seed structure of Crotalaria juncea L.

Arruda¹,

Cícero²,

Gomes-Júnior³

2016

J. Seed Sci.

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-The X-ray test is a simple, fast, non-destructive, and highly precise test that enables detailed examination of internal seed morphology and identification of seed damage and its location and type. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of the X-ray test and the relationship between the structure of Crotalaria juncea seeds and germination. Six lots of Crotalaria juncea seeds of the IAC-KR1 cultivar were subjected to X-ray and germination tests. Normal and abnormal seedlings and dead seeds were photographed and analyzed together with the X-ray images of the seeds. Results showed that analysis of X-ray images is effective in identifying mechanical damage, stink bug damage, and deteriorated tissues in Crotalaria juncea seeds and is able to establish an association between their occurrence and germination.Index terms: image analysis, germination, internal morphology.Análise radiográfica para avaliação da estrutura de sementes de Crotalaria juncea L.RESUMO -O teste de raios X é um teste rápido, simples, não destrutivo e de alta precisão, que possibilita examinar com detalhes, a morfologia interna da semente, identificar áreas danificadas, sua localização e tipos de danos. O objetivo na presente pesquisa foi avaliar a eficiência do teste de raios X e relacionar a estrutura de sementes de Crotalaria juncea com a germinação. Foram utilizados seis lotes de sementes de Crotalaria juncea, cultivar IAC-KR1. As sementes foram submetidas aos testes de raios X e germinação. As plântulas normais, anormais e sementes mortas foram fotografadas e analisadas paralelamente às imagens radiográficas das sementes. Verificou-se que análise de imagens radiográficas possibilita a identificação de danos mecânicos, danos por percevejos e tecidos deteriorados em sementes de Crotalaria juncea, com efeitos negativos à germinação.Termos para indexação: análise de imagens, germinação, morfologia interna.

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“…The X-ray test was developed by Simak and Gustafsson (1953) as a method to evaluate the quality of seeds of some conifers and was identified in the 1980s, by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), as a means to detect empty, full, and mechanically damaged seeds or those infested by insects. It is a rapid and non-destructive testing method, which allows the evaluation of the internal morphology and the physical quality of the seeds, as well as the identification of damaged and empty seeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Radiographic image analysis of <i>Anacardium othonianum</i> Rizz (anacardiaceae) achenes subjected to desiccation

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT. Studies evaluating the internal morphology and seed quality of native species are essential for successful conservation programs. Our aim was to verify the efficiency of X-ray imagery in evaluating cashew-tree-of-the-cerrado (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.) achene viability after desiccation. The achenes were collected at 12% water content (w.b.) and dried in silica gel until they reached 10, 8, 6, and 4% (w.b.). The fruit morphology and the quality of the seeds were evaluated by X-ray test together with vigor, electrical conductivity and emergence tests. Achenes with different water contents were exposed to an Xray machine at 18 kV for 11 s and were thereafter submitted to emergence tests. The images were analyzed, and the achenes were classified based on internal morphology as completely full, malformed, or empty. These results were compared to those from the emergence tests. The statistical design was a complete randomized factorial (5 x 3). Desiccation to 4% (w.b.) did not damage or modify the internal structures. Xray was efficient in evaluating the internal morphology and detecting achene quality, making it possible to remove empty and abnormal fruit and form vigorous seed lots, reducing the cost of storage and bedding plant production for this native species.Keywords: X-Ray, fruit tree, cerrado, desiccation, internal morphology.Análise de imagens radiográficas em aquênios de Anacardium othonianum Rizz (anacardiaceae) submetidos à secagem RESUMO. Estudos referentes à avaliação da morfologia interna e da qualidade de sementes de espécies nativas são de fundamental importância para o sucesso dos programas de conservação. Objetivou-se com este estudo verificar a eficiência do teste com raios X na avaliação da viabilidade de aquênios de caju-deárvore-do-cerrado (Anacardium othonianum Rizz.) submetidos à secagem. Para tal, aquênios de A. othonianum Rizz foram coletados com 12% (b.u.) e submetidos à secagem em sílica gel até a obtenção dos teores de água de 10, 8, 6 e 4% (b.u.). Os frutos foram avaliados quanto à morfologia interna e qualidade física pelo teste de raios X, e o vigor das sementes pelos testes de germinação, condutividade elétrica e emergência de plântulas. Para a obtenção das imagens radiográficas, aquênios com diferentes teores de água foram expostos à radiação em um aparelho de raios X digital "Faxitron HP", MX-20 à intensidade de 18 kV por 11 segundos, e posteriormente foram submetidos ao teste de emergência. As imagens radiográficas foram analisadas e os aquênios classificados de acordo com a morfologia interna em três categorias: Cheios, mal formados e vazios. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (5 x 3). A secagem dos frutos até 4% (b.u.) não danificou ou alterou as estruturas internas dos aquênios. O teste de raios X é eficiente na avaliação da morfologia interna e na detecção da qualidade de aquênios de A. othonianum Rizz, possibilitando a separação de aquênios vazios ou com anormalidades embrionárias e permite a formação de lotes ...

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X-Ray Photography and Sensitivity in Forest Tree Species

Cited by 65 publications

References 1 publication

Relationship between eggplant seed morphology and germination

Relationship between eggplant seed morphology and germination

Radiographic analysis to assess the seed structure of Crotalaria juncea L.

<b>Radiographic image analysis of <i>Anacardium othonianum</i> Rizz (anacardiaceae) achenes subjected to desiccation

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