Recent
advances of ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS)
have enabled the chemical composition and the electrical potential
profile at a liquid/electrode interface under electrochemical reaction
conditions to be directly probed. In this work, we apply this operando technique to study the surface chemical composition
evolution on a Co metal electrode in 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution under
various electrical biases. It is found that an ∼12.2 nm-thick
layer of Co(OH)2 forms at a potential of about −0.4
VAg/AgCl, and upon increasing the anodic potential to about
+0.4 VAg/AgCl, this layer is partially oxidized into cobalt
oxyhydroxide (CoOOH). A CoOOH/Co(OH)2 mixture layer is
formed on the top of the electrode surface. Finally, the oxidized
surface layer can be reduced to Co0 at a cathodic potential
of −1.35 VAg/Cl. These observations indicate that
the ultrathin layer containing cobalt oxyhydroxide is the active phase
for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on a Co electrode in an alkaline
electrolyte, consistent with previous studies.