X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Indium Tin Mixed Oxides on the Surface of Silicate Glass

Teterin, Yu. A.; Маслаков, К. И.; Murav'ev, E. N.; Teterin, A. Yu.; Булычев, Н. А.; Мешков, Б. Б.; Stepnov, D. S.

doi:10.1134/s0020168520050131

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…30 Furthermore, the larger peak at 17.5 eV, labeled in Figure 5a as In-17.5, denotes either the binding energy of In 0 (In 4d 5/2 ) in the alloy (galinstan), shifted to higher binding energies due to alloying (with Ga), 30 or indium oxides, 31 for instance, in indium tin mixed oxides. 32 We assume that the peak at 17.5 eV denotes indium oxide, which may stem from a buried layer of oxidized indium buried below the gallium oxide. 33 The presence of pure element Ga 0 is proven by the presence of Ga 3d 5/2 at 18.6 eV, 34 albeit the peak area is smaller than that of the indium oxide peak (In 4d 5/2 ).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A peak at a binding energy of 16.5 eV is visible, which denotes pure In 0 (In 4d 5/2 ) . Furthermore, the larger peak at 17.5 eV, labeled in Figure a as In-17.5, denotes either the binding energy of In 0 (In 4d 5/2 ) in the alloy (galinstan), shifted to higher binding energies due to alloying (with Ga), or indium oxides, for instance, in indium tin mixed oxides . We assume that the peak at 17.5 eV denotes indium oxide, which may stem from a buried layer of oxidized indium buried below the gallium oxide .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

GaOOH Crystallite Growth on Liquid Metal Microdroplets in Water: Influence of the Local Environment

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gallium-based liquid metals form alloys with a melting point close to or below room temperature. On the surface of these liquid metals, a thin oxide skin is formed once in contact with oxygen, and this oxide skin can be leveraged to stabilize liquid metal micro- and nanodroplets in a liquid. During sonication and storage of these droplets in aqueous solution, gallium oxide hydroxide (GaOOH) forms on these droplets, and given enough time or treatment with heat, a full shape transition and dealloying are observed. In this article, we show that GaOOH can be grown at room temperature and that the growth is dependent on both the local environment and temperature. GaOOH growth on liquid metal microdroplets located at the air/water interface is considerably faster than in the bulk phase. Interestingly, hydrolysis to GaOOH is hampered and stops at 15 °C in bulk water after 6 h. In contrast, hydrolysis commences even at 15 °C for liquid metal microdroplets located at the air/water interface, and full surface coverage is obtained after around 24 h (compared to 12 h at 25 °C at the air/water interface). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement suggests that gallium oxide is dissolved and Ga(OH)3 is formed as a precursor that reacts in a downstream reaction toward GaOOH. This improved understanding of the GaOOH formation can be leveraged to control the liquid metal micro- and nanodroplet shape and composition (i.e., for biomedical applications).

show abstract

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GaOOH Crystallite Growth on Liquid Metal Microdroplets in Water: Influence of the Local Environment

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To avoid possible peak shifts due to charging, the binding energies of the XPS spectra were corrected by setting the maximum of the adventitious carbon peak in the C 1s spectra to 284.4 eV. The assignment of the peaks relied on several literatures. ,, We acknowledge that the assignment of different chemical states of nickel oxide is quite complex in XPS; however, in this case, there was no detectable change in the shape of Ni 2p spectra with or without MeO-2PACz but rather a peak shift. Hence, we believed that the assignment sufficed for the purpose of elemental identification of our thin layers.…”

Section: Methods Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface Coverage by ALD NiO in p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

Phung

Verheijen

Todinova

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

111

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metal halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention due to their excellent electronic properties. Recent advancements in device performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been achieved with the application of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), serving as stand-alone hole transport layers in the p-i-n architecture. Specifically, phosphonic acid SAMs, directly functionalizing indium–tin oxide (ITO), are presently adopted for highly efficient devices. Despite their successes, so far, little is known about the surface coverage of SAMs on ITO used in PSCs application, which can affect the device performance, as non-covered areas can result in shunting or low open-circuit voltage. In this study, we investigate the surface coverage of SAMs on ITO and observe that the SAM of MeO-2PACz ([2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid) inhomogeneously covers the ITO substrate. Instead, when adopting an intermediate layer of NiO between ITO and the SAM, the homogeneity, and hence the surface coverage of the SAM, improve. In this work, NiO is processed by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) with Ni(MeCp) 2 as the precursor and O 2 plasma as the co-reactant. Specifically, the presence of ALD NiO leads to a homogeneous distribution of SAM molecules on the metal oxide area, accompanied by a high shunt resistance in the devices with respect to those with SAM directly processed on ITO. At the same time, the SAM is key to the improvement of the open-circuit voltage of NiO + MeO-2PACz devices compared to those with NiO alone. Thus, the combination of NiO and SAM results in a narrower distribution of device performance reaching a more than 20% efficient champion device. The enhancement of SAM coverage in the presence of NiO is corroborated by several characterization techniques including advanced imaging by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental composition quantification by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) mapping. We believe this finding will further promote the usage of phosphonic acid based SAM molecules in perovskite PV.

show abstract

“…In contrast to the pristine sample, here the intensity of Sb 2 O 3 is relatively lower than InSb, implying that some portion of oxidized Sb participates in the magnesiation reaction, as already observed for surface tin oxides [ 37 , 41 ], or reacts with the electrolyte. Surprisingly, a broad peak corresponding to In(OH) 3 is observed around 533.0 eV), which might arise from a parasitic and irreversible chemical reaction between discharged InSb and the THF solvent [ 56 , 57 ]. On further discharge (½D1 and D1), all the peaks related to pristine components vanish, while a new doublet corresponding to the Mg 3 Sb 2 (526.8, 536.2 eV) compound appears (reference spectra of Mg 3 Sb 2 are given in Figure S1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Electrolyte on the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface Formation on InSb Electrode in Mg-Ion Batteries

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Achieving the full potential of magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) is still a challenge due to the lack of adequate electrodes or electrolytes. Grignard-based electrolytes show excellent Mg plating/stripping, but their incompatibility with oxide cathodes restricts their use. Conventional electrolytes like bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ((Mg(TFSI)2) solutions are incompatible with Mg metal, which hinders their application in high-energy Mg batteries. In this regard, alloys can be game changers. The insertion/extraction of Mg2+ in alloys is possible in conventional electrolytes, suggesting the absence of a passivation layer or the formation of a conductive surface layer. Yet, the role and influence of this layer on the alloys performance have been studied only scarcely. To evaluate the reactivity of alloys, we studied InSb as a model material. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the surface behavior of InSb in both Grignard and conventional Mg(TFSI)2/DME electrolytes. For the Grignard electrolyte, we discovered an intrinsic instability of both solvent and salt against InSb. XPS showed the formation of a thick surface layer consisting of hydrocarbon species and degradation products from the solvent (THF) and salt (C2H5MgCl−(C2H5)2AlCl). On the contrary, this study highlighted the stability of InSb in Mg(TFSI)2 electrolyte.

show abstract

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Indium Tin Mixed Oxides on the Surface of Silicate Glass

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

GaOOH Crystallite Growth on Liquid Metal Microdroplets in Water: Influence of the Local Environment

GaOOH Crystallite Growth on Liquid Metal Microdroplets in Water: Influence of the Local Environment

Enhanced Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface Coverage by ALD NiO in p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

Influence of Electrolyte on the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface Formation on InSb Electrode in Mg-Ion Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About