X-ray Microanalysis of Elements in the Masticatory Muscle after Paresis of the Right Masseter

Gedrange, Tomasz; Mai, Ronald; Richter, G; Wolf, Peter H.; Lupp, Amelie; Harzer, Winfried

doi:10.1177/154405910508401111

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…It is more difficult to explain why Gedrange et al showed mild but significant effects of BoNT‐A in the masseter, even though the dosage was the same (100 units/muscle) and the animals approximately the same age as ours. Importantly, this group examined biochemical rather than functional parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Differential response of pig masseter to botulinum neurotoxin serotypes a and b

Liu

Rafferty

et al. 2015

Muscle Nerve

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Introduction Pigs respond to direct administration of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), although they are resistant to botulism. The human masseter is frequently targeted for BoNT therapy. We aimed to understand how BoNT affects chewing by injecting porcine masseters. Methods One masseter of minipigs was injected with BoNT serotype A or B at doses comparable to those used in humans. Masticatory function was evaluated electromyographically. Muscle force was measured during tetany. Four weeks after injection, strain gauges affixed to the mandible assessed bone strain during chewing. Masseter mass and fiber diameter were measured after euthanasia. Results BoNT-A had no measurable effect. In contrast, BoNT-B reduced electrical activity and muscle force, producing substantial asymmetry between injected and uninjected muscles. Discussion The pig masseter is highly resistant to direct injection of BoNT-A, but it is affected by BoNT-B.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Differential response of pig masseter to botulinum neurotoxin serotypes a and b

Liu

Rafferty

et al. 2015

Muscle Nerve

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“…The physical changes in normal, healthy muscle tissues and subsequent repair or damage is in large controlled by key elements such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, and calcium, and significant changes in the intracellular concentrations of any of these elements could have profound and lasting effects on the cell in PAD muscle tissue (26–30). The presence and distribution of these elements also influence the electrical properties of the cell by creating electrochemical concentration gradients (31), and control its osmolarity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its importance is highlighted in the sodium potassium pump, or Na + /K + -ATPase, which functions to maintain the cells resting membrane potential, thus affecting the membrane permeability to various ions. The potassium potential across the cell membrane causes faster depolarization, which speeds up the rate that the muscle fiber contracts (31). It also plays a significant role in regulating cell signaling pathways, as well as control of calcium concentrations inside the cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnesium is also commonly known as a biological antagonist to calcium, exhibiting an inversely proportional relationship to the latter (36). This intracellular-extracellular activity is one of the key factors for the generation of nerve and muscle action potentials (31). Interestingly, while one would expect the Mg-Ca antagonistic relationship to cause an increase in Ca, the collected SEM-EDS data showed a decrease in both calcium and magnesium in the muscle samples from the claudicating and CLI patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of ischemic muscle in patients with peripheral artery disease using X-ray spectroscopy

Becker

Cluff

Duraisamy

et al. 2017

Journal of Surgical Research

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Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a vascular disease caused by atherosclerosis resulting in decreased blood flow to the lower extremities. The ankle brachial index (ABI) is a standard PAD diagnostic test, but only identifies reduced blood flow based on blood pressure differences. The early signs of PAD manifest themselves not only clinically, but also at an elemental and biochemical level. However, the biochemical and elemental alterations to PAD muscle are not well understood. The objective of this study was to compare fundamental changes in intracellular elemental compositions between control, claudicating, and critical limb ischemia muscle tissue. Materials and methods Gastrocnemius biopsies from three subjects including one control (ABI≥0.9), one claudicating (0.4≤ABI<0.9) and one critical limb ischemia patient (ABI<0.4) were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to quantify differences in elemental compositions. Spectra were collected for 5 myofibers per specimen. An analysis of variance was performed to identify significant differences in muscle elemental compositions. Results This study revealed that intracellular magnesium and calcium were lower in PAD compared to control myofibers while sulfur was higher. Magnesium and calcium are antagonistic, meaning, if magnesium concentrations go down calcium concentrations should go up. However, our findings do not support this antagonism in PAD. Our analysis found decreases in sodium and potassium, in PAD myofibers. Conclusions These findings may provide insight into the pathologic mechanisms that may operate in ischemic muscle and aid in the development of specialized preventive and rehabilitative treatment plans for PAD patients.

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“…Also, in healthy subjects with normal function, the determination of mandibular mobility is considered to be an essential part of any physiologic study of the stomatognathic system. 16 , 17 Posselt 18 defined the border movements of the mandible. Functional mandibular movement differs from border movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faculty-supervised measurements of the face and of mandibular movements on young adults

2014

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PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to determine the average facial proportions and mandibular movement capacity of 316 first-year dental students who carefully recorded them on each other.MATERIALS AND METHODSThis early exacting clinical experience was closely supervised by the authors in Columbus, Ohio during 1969-70. Five vertical and six horizontal distances were measured on each subject's face. An ala-tragus line and an occlusal line were drawn on the left side of the face to determine if these two lines were parallel. Measurements of mandibular movements involved maximum normal and hinge opening at the incisors and maximum amounts of right, left lateral and protrusive excursions of the mandible.RESULTSThe ala width and distance between the tips of upper right and left canine cusps averaged (35.2 mm and 34.8 mm) but with very large individual variations. The distance between ala to occlusal plane lines was 29.9 mm at the tragus and 31.3 mm near the ala. The angle between orbitale and ala-tragus averaged 13.6 degrees.CONCLUSIONThe upper lip length was the most variable and the distance between the pupils was the most stable of the eleven facial measurements. The ala-tragus line and the occlusal plane lines were for all practical purposes parallel. Maximum jaw opening averaged 51.2 mm which was 3.0 times larger than maximal hinge opening of 17.2 mm. The maximum right plus left side jaw excursions (9.2 and 9.4 mm) totaled 18.6 mm, 2.3 times more than the 8.0 mm mean maximum forward protrusion.

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X-ray Microanalysis of Elements in the Masticatory Muscle after Paresis of the Right Masseter

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Differential response of pig masseter to botulinum neurotoxin serotypes a and b

Differential response of pig masseter to botulinum neurotoxin serotypes a and b

Analysis of ischemic muscle in patients with peripheral artery disease using X-ray spectroscopy

Faculty-supervised measurements of the face and of mandibular movements on young adults

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