X-ray digital industrial radiography (DIR) for local liquid velocity (VLL) measurement in trickle bed reactors (TBRs): Validation of the technique

Abstract

Local liquid velocity measurements in Trickle Bed Reactors (TBRs) are one of the essential components in its hydrodynamic studies. These measurements are used to effectively determine a reactor's operating condition. This study was conducted to validate a newly developed technique that combines Digital Industrial Radiography (DIR) with Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) to measure the Local Liquid Velocity (V(LL)) inside TBRs. Three millimeter-sized Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads were used as packing material. Three validation procedures were designed to test the newly developed technique. All procedures and statistical approaches provided strong evidence that the technique can be used to measure the V(LL) within TBRs.

Co-delivery of brinzolamide and miRNA-124 by biodegradable nanoparticles as a strategy for glaucoma therapy

“…Intraocular tracing of miRNA/NP-BRZ C57/Bl6 mice, which were anesthetized by 5% chloral hydrate, were intravitreally injected with miRNA/NP-BRZ which was encapsulated along with a fluorescent tag, DIR (Mohd Salleh et al, 2014). Specific operations were performed as follows: 1) the conjunctiva was exposed using ophthalmic forceps; 2) Approximately, 3 ml of prepared miRNA/NP-BRZ with fluorescent tags was injected intravitreally by a 33 gauge needle into the back of ciliary body; 3) the eyeballs were removed at 6, 24, or 48 h after the operation, and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at 4 C overnight; 4) the eyeballs were soaked in 30% sucrose for 14 h at 4 C to cryoprotect them; 5) the eyeballs were then embedded into optimal cutting temperature (OCT) embedding medium (Sakura Finetek, Torrance, CA), frozen in liquid nitrogen and used for preparation of 6-mm-thick sections by cutting through optic nerve head; and 7) the images were acquired using a fluorescent microscope (DMI400B; Leica, Germany) with a 400Â objective lens.…”