X-Ray Absorption and Emission

Liebhafsky, H. A.; Winslow, Earl H.

doi:10.1021/ac50163a005

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…XRF spectrometry soon became an instrumental analytical technique for elemental analysis – preferably for heavier elements. In 1958, elements with atomic numbers lower than 22 Ti were referred to as light and thus problematic elements, yet industrial analyses of chlorine were reported already . Henke brought XRF analyses of low atomic number elements from phosphorus to sodium into the range of routine when he published his achievements in soft X‐ray spectrographic analyses of these particular elements in 1962 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray‐induced alteration of specimens as crucial obstacle in XRF spectrometry of fluorine in rocks and soils

Pleßow

2012

X-Ray Spectrometry

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Occasionally suggested yet rarely performed X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry of fluorine seems to fail systematically in yielding reliable quantitative results for rocks and soils. Repeated analyses reveal continuously drifting fluorescence intensities for fluorine, boron and chlorine. Typically, an increase, but in few cases also a decrease, over X-ray exposure time is observed. For instance, fluorine concentrations in a soil standard appear to increase steadily from below the detection limit in the first run to nearly 850 mg/kg F more than 10 h later in the last. In contrast, cryolite is characterised by drastically decreasing intensities for fluorine. Although fluorescence intensities may be affected by preparation methods, specimen surface conditions and dynamic contamination, it is shown that none of these influencing factors is responsible for the observed trends. In fact, there is evidence that X-radiation impact mobilises fluorine, boron and chlorine. Diffusion of radiolysis products towards the specimen's surface as well as the kinetics of adsorption and desorption or chemical reactions are believed to control the analyte concentration in the analysed layer decisively. Furthermore, during analysis, the latter is altered by considerable losses of binder or fluxif applicable thus enhancing XRF intensities of boron and fluorine because of reduced absorption. In any case, signal stability appears to be limited by insufficient sample and specimen stability. It is concluded that for many soil and rock samples, XRF spectrometry is inappropriate to quantify fluorine, although the crucial obstacle is neither the analytical method nor the spectrometer sensu strictu.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐ray‐induced alteration of specimens as crucial obstacle in XRF spectrometry of fluorine in rocks and soils

Pleßow

2012

X-Ray Spectrometry

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“…At least partial compensation for matrix absorption effects can be obtained by the use of an added internal standard (8). Such standards also compensate in some degree for enhancement effects and for some instrument variables (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedures developed for these determinations were complicated by absorption effects due to variations in the composition of the matrix. Com- (8) Hiickel, W., "Structural Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds," p. 592, Elsevier, New York, 1951. (9) Jahoda, F. C., Phys.…”

Section: Recentlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Manganese in Gasoline by X-Ray Emission Spectrography

Jones¹

1959

Anal. Chem.

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“…These films may be a preconcentrated trace element, a thin layer representative of a large sample, or a metallic coating deposited on a substrate. Regardless of the film's origin, the principles for relating intensitv to concentration are well established (274,(276)(277)(278).…”

Section: Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A discussion of x-ray mass absorption coefficients is included in the section on electron probe microanalysis. Previous reviews (276)(277)(278), recent general papers (139, 155, 198-201, 207, 473), and the following analytical applications adequately summarize x-ray absorption: sulfur in oil (163,154,185,373), chlorine in organic compounds (192), cobalt in hydrocarbons (373) and in aqueous solutions (198), plutonium in metal castings (267), TBP in kerosine-base solvents (146), composition of solders (339), lead and barium in glass (339), and evaluation of column-chromatographic separation of iodineand bromine-containing compounds (340). Instrument development includes single-crystal (253) and double-crystal spectrometers (240), the latter having a multisample changer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%