X chromosomal recombination—A family study analyzing 26 X‐STR Loci in Chinese Han three‐generation pedigrees

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate genetic linkage and recombination fractions of 26 X chromosomal (X-STR) loci with two multiplex PCR systems (MX15-STR and MX12-STR). MX15-STR (including DXS7133, DXS6801, DXS981, DXS6809, DXS7424, DXS6789, DXS9898, DXS7132, GATA165B12, DXS101, DXS10075, DXS6800, GATA31E08, DXS10074, and DXS10079) and MX12-STR (including DXS6854, DXS9902, DXS6800, GATA172D05, DXS7423, HPRTB, DXS6807, DXS6803, DXS6804, DXS6799, DXS8378, and DXS8377) were successful analyzed on 206 two-generation families with two or more children and 33 three-generation families with 72 grandsons. Segregation analysis and calculation of recombination fractions between pairs of markers were performed. Linkage analysis of pairs of markers showed that there existed significant linkage (maximum LOD scores >2.0) within the physical distance of 48.5 Mb. Recombination events could be observed within the clusters of closed linked makers spanning <1.0 Mb. These results indicate that close cluster X-STRs used and recombination fractions of the selected loci will be very useful for biostatistical calculations in complex kinship analysis.

Effects of surface states on the oxidation behavior of 316LN stainless steel in high temperature pressurized water

“…7a and b, the size evolution may mirror the different growth stages of oxide particles. It is well known that the oxide film grown on stainless steel exposed to HTP water consists of an outer layer mainly composed of outmost crystallites and a thin inner layer beneath those crystallites [26,27]. As shown in Table 3, based on the chemical composition of the outmost crystallites and the selected area beneath large crystallites plotted on Fig.…”

“…The evaluation of possible species in oxide films were performed on the basis of well characterized standards from handbook of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [33] and other investigations [9,28,34,35], as shown in Table 3. A duplex-layer oxide model grown on stainless steel immersed in HTP water has been proposed by many other investigations [27,34,36,37]. Accordingly, the XPS spectra at the sputtering time of 10 s are adopted in order to present the different oxidation states of Fe, Ni, Cr, and O contained in the outer layer of the oxide film.…”

Modulation of the Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 lipidome by different growth conditions

“…Together with the cell wall, the plasma membrane constitutes the barrier of the cell, protecting the bacterium from the potentially stressful environment in food and the gastrointestinal tract. Modification of the plasma membrane lipid composition is known to change the ability of bacteria to survive freezing, freeze-drying and low pH (Corcoran et al, 2007;Li et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2005b). The understanding of such effects is, however, limited by the fact that mostly the fatty acid composition of the plasma membrane lipids has been investigated previously (Liu et al, 2014;Muller et al, 2011;Murga et al, 2000); the molecular composite of lipid species, i.e.…”

“…Several studies have dealt with the fatty acid composition of the plasma membrane and how the composition might be altered through fermentation conditions and fatty acid supplementation (Kankaanpää et al, 2004;Li et al, 2009;Muller et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2005b). They found that survival during freezing and drying in production and survival in the gastrointestinal track could be affected by the fatty acid composition of the plasma membrane.…”

“…Production of C19d9,10 is induced in the stationary growth phase of the cells, but can also be induced according to the environment. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that the presence of C19d9,10 in the plasma membrane can improve bacterial resistance to freezing and freezedrying (García, 2011;Li et al, 2009;Louesdon et al, 2015). How L. acidophilus La-5 or other lactobacilli might be able to regulate the lipidome, dependent on the fatty acids available for incorporation in the plasma membrane, has, however, not been studied before.…”