Wound Gel with Antimicrobial Effects Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Functional Aryloxycyclotriphosphazene

Abstract

A silver-containing gel based on polyvinyl alcohol and aryloxycyclotriphosphazene containing β-carboxyethenylphenoxy and p-formylphenoxy groups has been developed. Phosphazene was synthesized via the Doebner reaction from hexakis[(4-formyl)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene and malonic acid and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The study of the gel using scanning electron microscopy showed that the gel contains open pores and can absorb wound exudate. The maximum water absorption capacity of the gel was 272%, which was reached after 80 min of testing. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained silver-containing gel was evaluated using the diffusion method. The gel was found to inhibit the growth of the main microorganisms in contact with the skin: the bacteria S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, and C. stationis and the fungus C. albicans. The study of the wound-healing effect of the gel in vivo showed a decrease in the wound area of the rabbit hind limb by 91.43% (p < 0.05) on the 10th day of observation and a decrease in the content of C-reactive protein in the rabbit blood serum by 1.3 times (p < 0.05).

Nano boron nitride laminated poly(ethyl methacrylate)/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films imprinted with silver nanoparticles as gas barrier and bacteria resistant packaging materials

“…Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) emerge as an economical and effective solution, demonstrating broad‐spectrum activity against bacteria by binding to their membranes. To tackle bacterial colonization and augment antimicrobial efficacy, the combination of PVA with Ag NPs not only serves to prevent infections and dehydration but also plays a role in minimizing inflammatory reactions 39 …”

Silver Nanoparticles From Cassia alata L. Incorporated to Coconut Oil‐Oleogel Based Ointment As An Alternative for Diabetes Mellitus Wound Healing: Optimization, In Vitro and In Vivo Tests

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by improper carbohydrate metabolism, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and chronic complications resulting from hyperglycemia. [1] According to data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the number of Indonesians aged 20-79 with diabetes has surged from 7.29 million in 2011 to 19.47 million in 2021, with a projected increase to 28.57 million by 2045. [2] Among the common complications faced by diabetic patients, the development of diabetic foot ulcers and scars poses a substantial risk, including the potential for amputation and even mortality in severe cases.…”

“…[18] For example, a silver-containing airgel based on polyvinyl alcohol has been developed, which has an antimicrobial effect against opportunistic microorganisms and reduces the area of the wound of the hind limb of a rabbit by 91.43 % and the content of C-reactive protein in rabbit blood serum. [19] In addition, a study presented that AgNPs synthesized using M. leifera leaf extract have good stability. These AgNPs have been proven to be resistant to the maximum commercially available drugs.…”

The Effectiveness of Silver Nanoparticles Mixed with Calcium Hydroxide against Candida albicans: An Ex Vivo Analysis

“…Nowadays, it continues to be utilized in pharmacology as a carrier for targeted drug delivery. Silver containing gels possess antimicrobial properties against the tested microorganisms, including C. albicans [ 32 ]. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) alone or in combination with other antibiotics or Ca(OH) 2 [ 33 ] are a promising alternative to currently available intracanal medications owing to their strong antibacterial properties [ 29 , 34 ].…”