Silver Nanoparticles From Cassia alata L. Incorporated to Coconut Oil‐Oleogel Based Ointment As An Alternative for Diabetes Mellitus Wound Healing: Optimization, In Vitro and In Vivo Tests

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, a widespread chronic illness categorized by elevated blood sugar levels, poses a significant health burden. This study aimed to synthesize an optimal oleogel formula and investigate its impact on accelerating diabetic wound healing through a multidimensional approach. The evaluation spanned in vitro examination utilizing bacterial cultures, and in vivo assessments on mice, involving a meticulous 9‐day observation of wound healing percentages. The successful synthesis and characterization of AgNPs and Na‐CMC laid the foundation for further exploration. Oleogel formulation optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) revealed the most effective composition featuring Na‐CMC at 4.5 %, beeswax at 12.5 %, and a stirring temperature of 80 °C. Manufacturing success was affirmed through comprehensive testing encompassing pH, organoleptic properties, dispersion, gelation time, and FTIR analyses. Characteristics of extracted nanoparticles were scrutinized through SEM‐EDX, PSA, and Zetapotential tests. In vitro evaluations showcased the commendable antibacterial activity of AgNPs. Notably, in vivo observations highlighted the superior wound healing capabilities of oleogel ointment enriched with AgNPs. These findings collectively underscore the promising potential of the synthesized oleogel in promoting the healing process for diabetic wounds, validated through diverse analytical approaches, marking a significant stride toward effective therapeutic interventions in diabetes‐related wound management.