Worldwide Prostate Cancer Epidemiology: Differences Between Regions, Races, and Awareness Programs

Abstract

Prostate cancer, according to the World Health Organization, is the second most common cause of cancer worldwide. With an estimated 1.1 million people affected by prostate cancer in 2012, composing 15% of all new cancer cases worldwide, this condition poses a significant burden of mortality and morbidity on society. Even though the burden of prostate cancer is present worldwide, there are disparities in mortality rates worldwide. While in Sub-Saharan Africa and Caribbean, the age-adjusted mortality rates are as high as 24 per 100,000, in Asia the age-adjusted mortality rates are as low 2.9 per 100,000. Specific countries in Sub-Saharan Africa like Uganda have a prostate cancer mortality rate as high as 38.8 per 100,000, which is close to the incidence rate of 48.2 per 100,000. Even though in the United Kingdom the incidence rate is much higher at 111.1 per 100,000, the mortality rate is comparable to that of Sub-Saharan Africa at 22.8 per 100,000. As demonstrated in this global review of prostate cancer, the age-adjusted incidence rate and mortality rate are closer together in Sub-Saharan Africa than in high income countries. Also, there are disparities in age-adjusted mortality rates of prostate cancer. There is plausibly a large gap in data on incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer, leading to potential underreporting of incidence rates. There are also different awareness related gaps in developing and developed countries. Improved surveillance systems need to be established in order to improve early detection screening programs and prioritized interventions for evidence-based policy for prostate cancer in all countries.

Prostate Cancer Screening Practice and Associated Factors Among Men in Public Health Facilities of Hossana Town, Ethiopia

“…3 The burden of prostate cancer is expected to increase by 1.7 million new cases and nearly half a million deaths by 2030 worldwide. 4 , 5 The mortality due to prostate cancer is disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries with 165,000 deaths compared to 142,000 in high-income countries. 6 It is the most common cause of mortality among men in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean.…”

Prostate cancer clinical characteristics and outcomes in Central Sudan

“…The incidence rates are also relatively more elevated in less developed areas, such as the Caribbean, Southern Africa and South America, but remain low in Asian populations. The incidence rate in the Caribbean is 29 per 100,000 and in sub-Saharan Africa it is 19–24 per 100,000 [ 2 ].…”

Overview of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer and Their Applications in Drug Discovery

“…Both hereditary and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of PCa. In in-dustrialized nations, the number of afflicted males is increasing rapidly as the population ages (Banerjee & Kaviani, 2016). Although males living in southeast Asian countries have a low incidence of PCa, the incidence of the disorder increases rapidly in this group after immigration to the West (Banerjee & Kaviani, 2016).…”