Worldwide Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae,</i>and<i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i>in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997–1999

Hoban, Daryl J.; Doern, Gary V.; Fluit, Ad C.; Roussel-Delvallez, M.; Jones, Ronald N.

doi:10.1086/320181

Cited by 352 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…These concentrations are well above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the majority isolates of the 3 most common otitis pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC 50 , 0.06 µg/mL; MIC 90 , 16 µg/mL; 72.3% susceptible), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC 90 , 2 µg/mL; 99.5% susceptible), and Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC 90 , Յ0.12 µg/mL; 99.9% susceptible). 29,30 Dagan et al 31 also determined middle-ear fluid levels of azithromycin in children with AOM who received the 3-day regimen. They reported a total mean azithromycin concentration of 3.51 µg/mL at 24-48 hours after the last dose.…”

Section: A17mentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of single-dose azithromycin versus three-day azithromycin or single-dose ceftriaxone for uncomplicated acute otitis media in children

Arguedas¹,

Loaiza²,

Pérez³

et al. 2003

Current Therapeutic Research

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Background: The pharmacokinetic profile of azithromycin supports its use as single-dose therapy for uncomplicated acute otitis media (AOM) in children.Objective: This study was designed to (1) compare the safety of single-dose oral azithromycin, 3 daily doses of oral azithromycin, and a single dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone for the treatment of uncomplicated AOM in children, and (2) provide preliminary efficacy data to support initiation of a larger, comparative trial of single-dose azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated acute otitis media in children.Methods: In this single-center pilot study, children with uncomplicated AOM were randomly assigned to receive single-dose oral azithromycin (30 mg/kg), 3-day oral azithromycin (10 mg/kg once daily), or single-dose intramuscular ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg). Tympanocentesis was performed before administration of the first dose, and clinical response was assessed on days 14-15 and 28-30.Results: Between September 1995 and May 1997, 198 children (mean age, 2.5 years) were enrolled. All of the patients were evaluable for the safety and clinical intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses, and 98 were evaluable for the microbiologic ITT analysis. On day 14-15, rates of clinical success (cure or improvement) for the 3 treatment groups were: 62/64 (97%) for single-dose azithromycin, 60/63 (95%) for 3-day azithromycin, and 61/62 (98%) for single-dose ceftriaxone. On day 28-30, the corresponding clinical success rates were 61/65 (94%), 61/66 (92%), and 62/64 (97%). For the 98 microbiologically evaluable patients, clinical success rates at day 14-15 were 28/30 (93%) for single-dose azithromycin, 31/35 (89%) for 3-day azithromycin, and 33/33 (100%) for single-dose ceftriaxone. On day 28-30, the corresponding clinical success rates were 27/30 (90%), 30/35 (86%), Presented in part at the 4th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, and Ketolides (ICMASK), Barcelona, Spain, January 21-23, 1998.Accepted for publication July 1, 2003July 1, . doi:10.1016July 1, /j.curtheres.2003.005 Reproduction in whole or part is not permitted.0011-393X/03/$19.00 A16Copyright ą 2003 Excerpta Medica, Inc. A. Arguedas et al.and 32/33 (97%). Treatment-related adverse event rates for single-dose azithromycin, 3-day azithromycin, and single-dose ceftriaxone were 10.6%, 9.1%, and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion: In this pilot study comparing single-dose azithromycin, 3-day azithromycin, and single-dose ceftriaxone for the treatment of uncomplicated AOM in children, no differences were detected among the 3 regimens. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2003;64[Suppl A]:A16-A29)

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Section: A17mentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of single-dose azithromycin versus three-day azithromycin or single-dose ceftriaxone for uncomplicated acute otitis media in children

Arguedas¹,

Loaiza²,

Pérez³

et al. 2003

Current Therapeutic Research

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“…The prevalence of S. pneumoniae strains resistant to β -lactams has increased around the world since the 1980s (Hoban et al 2001;Örtqvist et al 2005;File 2006). In Japan, several studies have shown an increasing prevalence of β -lactam-and macrolide-resistant strains (Rikitomi et al 1996;Song et al 1999;Watanabe et al 2000;Ubukata 2003;Ubukata et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of greater concern is the emergence of a multidrug-resistant phenotype (i.e., resistant to penicillin and ≥ 2 other non-β -lactam classes, such as macrolides and tetracyclines). Certain β -lactams (ceftriaxone, carbapenem), the respiratory fluoroquinolones and telithromycin are among several antimicrobials that remain effective against drug-resistant S. pneumoniae (Hoban et al 2001;Örtqvist et al 2005;File 2006). Initial antibacterial therapy should ideally be pathogen-directed, based on culture results and antibacterial sensitivity tests.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Tohoku District of Japan: A Longitudinal Analysis from 1998 to 2007

Nishimaki

Okuyama

et al. 2010

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…More than 50% of isolates now found in several countries are resistant to penicillin (1,7,13,14,25), with Spain as one of the countries with the highest penicillin resistance rates (18). Among penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates, 60 to 80% are also resistant to cefuroxime, erythromycin, and clindamycin (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated with Colonization by Pneumococci with Reduced Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones in Adult Outpatients

2005

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We developed a case-control study in order to identify risk factors associated with pharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin MIC, >4 g/ml). A total of 400 patients were studied for colonization by quinolone-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae (QNSP) isolates and risk factors for this colonization. Isolate susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method. Forty patients were colonized by QNSP (case patients), and 360 patients were not colonized by QNSP (control patients). The MIC range of ciprofloxacin for QNSP isolates was 4 to 8 g/ml. No isolates were resistant to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Risk factors significantly associated with QNSP colonization, according to univariate analysis, were recent hospitalizations (odds ratio [OR], 3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 7.2; P < 0.01) and prior exposure to fluoroquinolones (OR, 6.04; 95% CI, 3.0 to 12.0; P < 0.01). Other factors such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 1.94; 95% CI; 0.7 to 5.0), prior exposure to penicillins (OR, 1,68; 95% CI, 0.8 to 3.3) and prior exposure to macrolides (OR 2; 95% CI, 0.6 to 6.2) were more frequent among patients colonized with QNSP, but there was no statistical significance. Multivariate analysis showed that exposure to fluoroquinolones was the only independent factor associated with colonization by QNSP (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.8 to 9.4; P < 0.01). Throat colonization by QNSP is becoming frequent, though most of these isolates (all the isolates in this case) remain susceptible to newer fluoroquinolones. Previous treatment with fluoroquinolones seems to be the main risk factor associated with colonization by QNSP.The emergence and spread of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae are a major cause of concern in pneumococcal infection in recent years. More than 50% of isolates now found in several countries are resistant to penicillin (1,7,13,14,25), with Spain as one of the countries with the highest penicillin resistance rates (18). Among penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates, 60 to 80% are also resistant to cefuroxime, erythromycin, and clindamycin (13). Since the release in the late 1990s of newer fluoroquinolones (FQs) with enhanced activity against pneumococci, these drugs have been prescribed with increasing frequency for initial treatment of respiratory tract infections (10,22). FQ resistance rates remain low in S. pneumoniae in most countries (3,6,17), though higher resistance rates have been reported occasionally in some countries (9,12).Recent studies have shown that 30% of S. pneumoniae isolates for which the ciprofloxacin (CIP) MIC is 4 g/ml, and virtually all pneumococcal isolates for which the CIP MIC is Ͼ4 g/ml harbor one or more topoisomerases mutations (2), though not all these strains are levofloxacin (LEV) or moxifloxacin (MOX) resistant. Another recent study (16) showed that 59% of S. pneumoniae isolates intermediate for LEV (MIC of 2 g/ml) have a first-step mutation in parC. Thus, this group of strains with reduc...

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Worldwide Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae,andMoraxella catarrhalisin the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997–1999

Cited by 352 publications

References 39 publications

A pilot study of single-dose azithromycin versus three-day azithromycin or single-dose ceftriaxone for uncomplicated acute otitis media in children

A pilot study of single-dose azithromycin versus three-day azithromycin or single-dose ceftriaxone for uncomplicated acute otitis media in children

Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Tohoku District of Japan: A Longitudinal Analysis from 1998 to 2007

Risk Factors Associated with Colonization by Pneumococci with Reduced Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones in Adult Outpatients

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