World Heritage Making in Angkor

Miura, Keiko

doi:10.4000/books.gup.304

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Although inscriptions indicate Angkor Wat’s central sanctuary was not modified until 1580, it is possible that the shift toward Theravada Buddhism began centuries earlier and that space within the enclosure was also reorganized at this time. We know, for example, that when the French arrived there were several structures and residences of local Buddhist monks directly in front of the main western entrance of the temple that were subsequently moved as Angkor Wat was transformed into a locus of tourism (57, 58). It is also possible that Hindu ritual functions of the temple were reduced following the death of Suryavarman II.…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temple occupation and the tempo of collapse at Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Carter

Stark

Quintus

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The 9th–15th century Angkorian state was Southeast Asia’s greatest premodern empire and Angkor Wat in the World Heritage site of Angkor is one of its largest religious monuments. Here we use excavation and chronometric data from three field seasons at Angkor Wat to understand the decline and reorganization of the Angkorian Empire, which was a more protracted and complex process than historians imagined. Excavation data and Bayesian modeling on a corpus of 16 radiocarbon dates in particular demand a revised chronology for the Angkor Wat landscape. It was initially in use from the 11th century CE with subsequent habitation until the 13th century CE. Following this period, there is a gap in our dates, which we hypothesize signifies a change in the use of the occupation mounds during this period. However, Angkor Wat was never completely abandoned, as the dates suggest that the mounds were in use again in the late 14th–early 15th centuries until the 17th or 18th centuries CE. This break in dates points toward a reorganization of Angkor Wat’s enclosure space, but not during the historically recorded 15th century collapse. Our excavation data are consistent with multiple lines of evidence demonstrating the region’s continued ideological importance and residential use, even after the collapse and shift southward of the polity’s capital. We argue that fine-grained chronological analysis is critical to building local historical sequences and illustrate how such granularity adds nuance to how we interpret the tempo of organizational change before, during, and after the decline of Angkor.

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Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temple occupation and the tempo of collapse at Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Carter

Stark

Quintus

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…A central characteristic of the Angkor World Heritage site is that the property remains inhabited, with more than 139,000 people distributed among 112 villages scattered over the site. Since its inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1992, the site has been under the supervision of an international coordinating committee (ICC-Angkor) led by France, Japan and UNESCO whose primary purpose has been to coordinate the international cooperative effort to safeguard the monuments from decay and destruction and to support establishment of an institutional and legal framework for the protection of the site (ICC-Angkor & UNESCO, 2014;Miura, 2011b). Given the complexity and prominence of the Angkor site, a national Authority for the Protection of the Site and Management of the Region of Angkor (APSARA) was created in 1995.…”

Section: Angkor Cambodiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective Action Dilemmas at Cultural Heritage Sites: An Application of the IAD-NAAS Framework

Bertacchini

Gould

2021

International Journal of the Commons

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Cultural heritage sites generate multiple streams of value to stakeholder groups whose interests and objectives frequently diverge. Contention over the conservation and appropriation of the values generated by heritage sites-whether economic returns, contributions to social or political cohesion, or sacred or other personal values associated with sites-leads to governance failures with adverse consequences both for the sites and for the various constituencies involved. This matter is gaining increasing attention among heritage scholars and practitioners. The conservation and management of cultural heritage sites can be conceived as a collective action problem arising from the strategic interaction of multiple actors. In this paper, we propose that the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, in conjunction with McGinnis' Network of Adjacent Action Situations (NAAS), can be applied to diagnose the drivers of conflict and management failures at cultural heritage sites. By illuminating the inter-related governance dilemmas arising at two UNESCO cultural World Heritage sites, Machu Picchu in Peru and Angkor in Cambodia, our analysis reveals how either contention over governance dilemmas or the evolution of site management strategy can be better understood by using the IAD-NAAS frame to explore stakeholder dynamics within governance-related action situations that have interdependent outcomes.

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“… 11 Miura 2004, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2011d, 2015, 2016a, 2016b, 2018; Luco 2006, 2013; Vanna 2006; Butland 2012. …”

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confidence: 99%

“… 88 UNESCO 1993, 31; Ang, Prenowitz, and Thompson (1996) 1998, 224–29; Miura 2011a, 16–19; 2016a, 222; 2016b, 127–28. …”

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A dilemma of World Heritage ideals and challenges in Southeast Asia

Miura

2022

Int J Cult Prop

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Fifty years after the ratification of the World Heritage Convention, we have come to learn that there is a huge discrepancy between the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) ideals of protecting heritage sites with outstanding universal values and unmatched realities in situ. I attempt to elucidate what World Heritage ideals of heritage protection are held in iconic sites in Southeast Asia. The studied sites are ancient monumental heritage sites of national importance – namely, Borobudur of Indonesia, Sukhothai and Ayutthaya of Thailand, and Angkor of Cambodia. The authorities in these countries have converted heritage sites into parks for visitors and for capitalization, which has placed authenticity and integrity at stake as well as converting the sites for contestation between the authorities and local communities. In order to solve the dilemma of the World Heritage ideals and their unwanted realities, I explore possible effective approaches for UNESCO and its partners to take into consideration.

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World Heritage Making in Angkor

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Temple occupation and the tempo of collapse at Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Temple occupation and the tempo of collapse at Angkor Wat, Cambodia

Collective Action Dilemmas at Cultural Heritage Sites: An Application of the IAD-NAAS Framework

A dilemma of World Heritage ideals and challenges in Southeast Asia

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