World Bank and Urban Development

The World Bank and Municipal Adjustments in Senegal: Towards a New Institutional Framework

“…The Bank's strategy is backed by the preferred management ideology of the international donors (Kapur et al, 1997a(Kapur et al, . 1997bZanetta, 2001Zanetta, 2004Ramsamy, 2006). In our study, we analyze the role of the World Bank in local development in Sub-Saharan Africa from a dynamic perspective developed in 1986 under the new urban management program (Gareth & Ward, 1994;Wegelin, 1994;Cohen & Leitmann, 1994) and under the prescriptive angle (of projects) and the local effects of its various interventions.…”

“…It affects above all the way in which these actors interact and operate on territories presenting a strong divide between endogenous and exogenous forces, or an unbalanced interaction between local and external forces (Ganesh, 1980). Moreover, the Bank's development activities leading to local institutional transformations subscribe to the mindset propagated by the neoliberalist-capitalist environment in which the Bank has become an influential player (Menéndez, 1991;Zanetta, 2001Zanetta, , 2004Ramsamy, 2006;Osmont, 1995). The Bank's strategy is backed by the preferred management ideology of the international donors (Kapur et al, 1997a(Kapur et al, .…”

“…Once a project is underway, it controls the outputs in order to maintain its hegemony over its national partners. Whatever form its role takes, one constant emerges: its ability to engage in national government activities and to reorganize state structures (Ramsamy, 2006).…”

Crisis? What crisis? A critical appraisal of World Bank housing policy in the wake of the global financial crisis

“…By accepting the funds for the sites-and-services project, the Senegalese government pledged to reduce public sector construction of social housing as well as its general budgetary expenditures on housing -with the new sites-and-services strategy aiming to be self-financing (World Bank, 1972b: 7). 10 Finally, budgetary limits rather than professionally designed housing standards were to determine methods of construction (see Ramsamy, 2006).…”

“…As discussed elaborately below, the World Bank entered the field of housing policy during the 1970s. In doing so, it joined a set of international (and national) institutions that had been intervening in housing policies in the developing world since the 1950s (Chiodelli, 2016;Ramsamy, 2006;Stren, 2014). The Bank rapidly rose to prominence to become the major donor agency in the sector, disbursing a cumulative amount of US$ 16 billion in loans to the sector worldwide over three decades and positioning itself at the heart of various international policy networks on housing (International Housing Coalition, 2008: 3).…”