Workplace incivility and employee sleep: The role of rumination and recovery experiences.

Abstract

This study examines the role of negative work rumination and recovery experiences in explaining the association between workplace incivility and employee insomnia symptoms. Drawing on the perseverative cognition model of stress and the effort-recovery model, we hypothesize a moderated mediation model in which workplace incivility is associated with insomnia symptoms via negative work rumination. This indirect effect is proposed to be conditional on employees' reported level of recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment from work and relaxation during nonwork time). In examining this model, we further establish a link between workplace incivility and sleep and identify one pathway to explain this relationship, as well as resources that may be used to halt the negative spillover of workplace incivility on sleep. Based on a sample of 699 U.S. Forest Service employees, we find support for a moderated mediation model in which the association between workplace incivility and increased insomnia symptoms via increased negative work rumination was weakest for employees reporting high levels of recovery experiences during nonwork time. Findings from the current study contribute to our understanding of why workplace incivility is associated with nonwork outcomes, as well as point to implications for interventions aimed at promoting employees' recovery from work. (PsycINFO Database Record

The spillover effects of coworker, supervisor, and outsider workplace incivility on work‐to‐family conflict: A weekly diary design

“…When employees experience depletion of these resources, their ability to accomplish family responsibilities might be impaired. For example, given the ambiguous nature of workplace incivility, targets of workplace incivility are likely to devote additional time and cognitive resources to process their experiences even after work time (Demsky, Fritz, Hammer, & Black, ), thus leaving them less time and fewer cognitive resources to cope with family demands. Further, because targets of workplace incivility are more likely to think about work‐related experiences after the events (Demsky et al, ; Nicholson & Griffin, ), they will be less likely to engage in resource gaining activities such as recovery activities, and thus, their resources can be further depleted even after they are away from work, making them less capable of coping with potential demands from family.…”

“…For example, given the ambiguous nature of workplace incivility, targets of workplace incivility are likely to devote additional time and cognitive resources to process their experiences even after work time (Demsky, Fritz, Hammer, & Black, ), thus leaving them less time and fewer cognitive resources to cope with family demands. Further, because targets of workplace incivility are more likely to think about work‐related experiences after the events (Demsky et al, ; Nicholson & Griffin, ), they will be less likely to engage in resource gaining activities such as recovery activities, and thus, their resources can be further depleted even after they are away from work, making them less capable of coping with potential demands from family. Furthermore, individuals who experience workplace incivility are likely to experience negative emotions before leaving work due to depleted resources, and this negative effect can spill over to their time after work without sufficient resource recovery (Tremmel & Sonnentag, ; Zhou, Yan, Che, & Meier, ).…”

“…Specifically, workplace incivility can deplete individuals' emotional resources because targets of workplace incivility tend to experience more negative emotions (e.g., Zhou et al, ). In addition, workplace incivility can also drain individuals' cognitive resources (Porath & Erez, ) when targets devote cognitive resources to analyze the intent of incivility given the ambiguous nature of perpetrators' incivility behaviors or when they recall these experiences after work (Demsky et al, ). Further, workplace incivility can also hinder targets' recovery activities such as sleep (Demsky et al, ) and thus deplete individuals' physical resources.…”

Adaptation of Work-Related Rumination Scale into Turkish

“…In a study aiming at investigating the relationship between work-related rumination, sleep quality, and work-related fatigue, the three factors structure of the instrument was supported (Querstret & Cropley, 2012). Moreover, affective rumination factor was confirmed via a study investigating the impacts of work-related rumination and recovery on sleep and workplace incivility (Demsky, Fritz, Hammer & Black, 2018). While workrelated rumination questionnaire was widely utilized in English, it was translated into other languages.…”

Incivility at work, upset at home? Testing the cross‐level moderation effect of emotional dysregulation among female nurses from primary health care

“…In this sense, incivility could be considered a threat to the worker's health and personal and social well‐being, since it would reflect the potential loss of a positive and friendly work context. For example, research has shown that when workers are facing situations of incivility, their emotional, energy and cognitive resources can be compromised and translated into a loss of well‐being and health (Demsky, Fritz, Hammer & Black, ; Hershcovis, Cameron, Gervais & Bozeman, ; Taylor et al ., ; Zhou et al ., ).…”