Working memory and intelligence

Colom, Roberto; Flores-Mendoza, Carmen; Rebollo, Irene

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00023-5

Cited by 89 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The Gf-WM correlations are generally higher when the relations are examined at the level of factor scores, composite scores, or latent variables. To illustrate, correlations ranging from .59 to .89 have been reported in studies by Ackerman, Beier and Boyle (2002), Colom, Abad, Rebollo and Shih (2005), Colom, Flores-Mendoza and Rebollo (2003), Colom, Rebollo, Palacios, Juan-Espinosa and Kyllonen (2004), Colom and Shih (2004), Conway, et al (2002), Conway, Kane and Engle (2003), Kyllonen and Christal (1990), Suss, Oberaurer, Wittmann, Wilhelm and Schulze (2002), , and Wilhelm and Oberaurer (2006), and reported a median correlation of .72 across 14 different data sets.…”

Section: Results Inmentioning

confidence: 92%

Contextual analysis of fluid intelligence

2008

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The nature of fluid intelligence was investigated by identifying variables that were, and were not, significantly related to this construct. Relevant information was obtained from three sources: reanalyses of data from previous studies, a study in which 791 adults performed storage-plusprocessing working memory tasks, and a study in which 236 adults performed a variety of working memory, updating, and cognitive control tasks. The results suggest that fluid intelligence represents a broad individual difference dimension contributing to diverse types of controlled or effortful processing. The analyses also revealed that very few of the age-related effects on the target variables were statistically independent of effects on established cognitive abilities, which suggests most of the age-related influences on a wide variety of cognitive control variables overlap with age-related influences on cognitive abilities such as fluid intelligence, episodic memory, and perceptual speed.The finding that nearly all cognitive variables are positively related to one another has been described as one of the most replicated results in psychology (cf. Deary, 2000), and one of the most replicated results in research on aging and cognition is that a very large number of cognitive variables are negatively related to adult age (e.g., Salthouse, 2001a;2004;Salthouse, Atkinson & Berish, 2003;Salthouse & Davis, 2006;Salthouse & Ferrer-Caja, 2003). Interestingly, these two sets of results are linked because the degree to which a given cognitive variable is related to other cognitive variables (as reflected by the variable's loading on the first principal component in a principal components analysis) has been found to predict the magnitude of the age correlation on the variable (e.g., Salthouse, 2001a,b, c). To illustrate, in an analysis of 30 different data sets, Salthouse (2001a) found a median rank-order correlation of .80 between a variable's loading on the first principal component and the absolute magnitude of the variable's correlation with age. Another intriguing outcome of these analyses was that the variables with the strongest associations with other variables and the strongest associations with age were frequently measures of reasoning or fluid intelligence (Gf).Relations among cognitive variables are often represented in terms of an organizational structure based on the patterns of correlations. There is considerable agreement that a particularly meaningful correlation-based organization is a hierarchical structure, with observed variables at the lowest level, various cognitive abilities at intermediate levels, and a g factor at the highest level (e.g., Carroll, 1993;Gustafsson, 1988;Jensen, 1998). A consistent finding of analyses investigating where in the hierarchical structure age-related influences operate is the discovery of significant negative relations of age on the highest-order factor in the structure (e.g., Salthouse, 2004;2005a;Salthouse & Ferrer-Caja, 2003). Moreover, these © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights r...

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Section: Results Inmentioning

confidence: 92%

Contextual analysis of fluid intelligence

2008

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“…In Colom, Flores-Mendoza, and Rebollo's (2003) study on the relationship between WM and intelligence, the intelligence tests they used were Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (Centro editor de psicologia aplicada, 1993), and the Letter Series test from the Primary Mental Abilities Test (Thurstone, 1938), which asks participants to choose a letter among several letters based on some inductive relationships among them. WM was assessed with simple letter span and digit span tasks, as well as tasks used in Kyllonen and Christal's (1990) study.…”

Section: Wm and Fluid Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

Working memory, fluid intelligence, and science learning

Yuan

Steedle

Shavelson

et al. 2006

Educational Research Review

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A review of the history of working memory (WM) studies finds that the concept of WM evolved from short-term memory to a multi-component system. Comparison between contemporary WM models reveals: (1) consensus that the content of WM includes not only task-relevant information, but also task-irrelevant information; (2) consensus that WM consists of phonological and visuospatial components; (3) consensus that short-term memory storage is a function of WM; (4) disagreement as to whether an independent executive control is a necessary WM component; and (5) disagreement as to whether the control function is active or passive. Methods for measuring WM differed across studies with a preponderance of various dual-tasks; little psychometric work has been done on these measures. Correlational studies supported a close relationship between WM and measures of fluid intelligence and science achievement, but we found no experimental studies on the impact of WM training on science achievement. Finally we suggest how WM research findings may be applied to improve fluid intelligence and science achievement.

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“…The bulk of data from the literature captured in the present review strongly suggested that working memory and intelligence were neither isomorphic nor identical constructs (Ackerman et al, 2005;Kane et al, 2005;Oberauer et al, 2005), although it was quite clear that both of these constructs were highly related to one another (Colom et al, 2003;Kyllonen & Christal, 1990). The high correlation was postulated to be based on shared fundamental neural mechanisms in the dorsolateral prefrontal regions in the brain (Conway et al, 2003;Kane & Engle, 2002;Klingberg, 2010) and basic mental processes such as short-term memory storage (Colom et al, 2008) and processing speed (Fry & Hale, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Since then, there have been various publications in the literature to identify the link between WM and g. Ackerman, Beier, and Boyle (2005) conducted a meta-analysis of 86 such studies that related WM and g and concluded that the average correlation between the two constructs was 0.48 -that they only shared about 25% common variance. Studies included in the meta-analysis reported correlation between performance on WM tasks and measures of g that ranged from 0.50 to 0.90 (Colom, Flores-Mendoza, & Rebollo, 2003;Fry & Hale, 1996;Jurden, 1995;Salthouse, Mitchell, Skovronek, & Babcock, 1989;Stauffer, Ree, & Carretta, 1996;Tucker & Warr, 1996;Verguts & De Boeck, 2001). However, their conclusion did not reflect the bulk of contemporary view of the relationship between WM and g and the data that supported the correlation.…”

Section: Empirical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Memory and Intelligence: A Brief Review

Chooi¹

2012

JEDP

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This article briefly reviews and organizes research findings from the past few decades that focused on working memory and intelligence. Working memory is a psychological construct that focuses attention, and it is commonly viewed as a temporary storage that holds and manipulates information. Intelligence is a general cognitive ability associated with efficient higher-order thinking such as reasoning and problem solving skills. Decades of research ranging from empirical to brain-behavior studies have shown a strong link between working memory and intelligence, and researchers have begun to manipulate this relationship to further study the complex psychological construct of intelligence. Although the current active research in cognitive training has created much possibility in modifying the two cognitive abilities, there is still a long way to go in achieving thorough understanding of two important constructs in human cognition.

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Working memory and intelligence

Cited by 89 publications

References 8 publications

Contextual analysis of fluid intelligence

Contextual analysis of fluid intelligence

Working memory, fluid intelligence, and science learning

Working Memory and Intelligence: A Brief Review

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