Working hours, sleep duration and the risk of acute coronary heart disease: A case–control study of middle-aged men in Taiwan

Cheng, Yawen; Du, Chung-Li; Hwang, Juey‐Jen; Chen, I-Shin; Chen, Ming-Fong; Su, Ta-Chen

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.035

Cited by 66 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…One case-control study that examined the relationship between occupational hazards and acute coronary heart disease in male Taiwanese found that longer work hours (> 60 hours/ week) and shorter sleep duration (< 6 hours/day), but not job demands, job control, and shift work, result in a significant increase in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (odd ratio 2.7 and 3.3, separately). 38) These findings were compatible with the results of the present study. The above evidence raises the possibility that work time and sleep duration may be more suitable occupational variables, especially for Asian and modern societies, than traditional stress models of work load and decisional latitude to evaluate the early vascular damage of atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Work-Related Psychosocial Hazards and Arteriosclerosis

Chou

2015

Int. Heart J.

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SummaryThe association of psychosocial stress with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still inconclusive. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between arteriosclerosis and various work-related conditions among medical employees with various job titles.A total of 576 medical employees of a regional hospital in Taiwan with a mean age of 43 years and female gender dominance (85%) were enrolled. Arteriosclerosis was evaluated by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Workrelated conditions included job demands, job control, social support, shift work, work hours, sleep duration, and mental health. The crude relationship between each of the selected covariates and baPWV was indicated by Spearman correlation coefficients. A multiple linear regression model was further employed to estimate the adjusted associations of selected covariates with arteriosclerosis.The mean baPWV of participants was 11.4 ± 2.2 m/s, with the value for males being significantly higher than that for females. The baPWV was associated with gender, age, medical profession, work hours, work type, depression, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting glucose, and cholesterol. After being fully adjusted by these factors, only sleep duration of less than 6 hours and weekly work hours longer than 60 hours were significantly associated with increased risk of arteriosclerosis. The conditions of job demands, job control, social support, shift work, and depression showed no significant association with baPWV.Longer work hours and shorter sleep durations were associated with an increased risk of arteriosclerosis. These findings should make it easier for the employer or government to stipulate rational work hours in order to avoid the development of cardiovascular disease among their employees. (Int Heart J 2015; 56: 644-650) Key words: Pulse wave velocity, Cardiovascular disease, Stress C ardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in most industrialized nations. Multiple risk factors predispose people to the progression of CVD. By controlling these risk factors, the incidence and mortality rate of CVD has been reduced in several industrialized countries in recent decades. 1-3)Among these risk factors, psychosocial stress is noted as a widespread phenomenon and plague of modern society. One large-scale and world-wide case control study revealed psychosocial stress was correlated to a 2.67-fold increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, which is a more dangerous condition than that of hypertension and diabetes. 4) Many work-related psychosocial stressors are associated with CVD. Karosak, et al commenced pioneering work and developed the dominant demand-control model (DCM) approximately 3 decades ago to study work-related stress.5) Work characteristics of low decision latitude and high work load will result in high job strain. Job strain will increase the risk of incident coronary heart disease by 23% compared to no job strain in large pooled data. 6)Recently, long work hours, 7-10) shift work, 1...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Work-Related Psychosocial Hazards and Arteriosclerosis

Chou

2015

Int. Heart J.

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“…Other studies considered doing long working hours or weekend work as shift work (34,35). Two studies did not provide a definition of shift work (36,37), while others limited inclusion to fixed night shift workers (38)(39)(40), or considered shift work as any type of work schedule other than fixed day-only work (41).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis including dose–response relationship

Torquati¹,

Mielke²,

Brown³

et al. 2017

Scand J Work Environ Health

342

240

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“…A recent study of 322 male patients aged 6 Hypertension is defined as SBP≥140 mm Hg or DBP≥90 mm Hg (Wada et al, 2006). 23-60 in Taiwan (Cheng et al, 2014), however, shows that working 60+ hours per week (versus 40-48 hours), significantly increases the risk for CHD. Van der Hulst (2003) summarizes the influence of long work hours on health-related behaviors as follows: in general, they have a weak but positive effect on smoking and unhealthy eating habits, no effect on psychotropic drug use and physical exercise, but a negative effect on sleep hours.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long work hours and health in China

Wang

Otterbach

Sousa‐Poza

2015

China Economic Review

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARYChina has one of the longest weekly work hours in the world, and it is claimed that about 600,000 Chinese people die every year because of "Guolaosi" -death by overwork (Monet, 2014). The literature in several academic disciplines provides evidence that long work hours can be detrimental to health -particularly showing adverse health effects of long work hours on subjective health. However, this large body of literature is dominated by research in Western countries, and results are mixed with regards to objective health outcomes. For China especially, the empirical evidence of such a relationship between long work hours and health is limited to only three cross-sectional studies using subjective (self-reported) health measures. Moreover, the results of these studies are mixed.Thus, the aim of our study is to examine the impact of long work hours on health among Chinese employees aged 18-65. Using longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition survey (CHNS), this study is the most comprehensive analysis for China, where possible adverse health effects of overwork become an important health issue. We analyze a broad array of health measures, including not only measures of subjective health but also several measures of objective health (e.g., high blood pressure and obesity), and additionally explore several possible pathways through which long work hours could affect health. In particular, we assess the relation between long work hours and specific lifestyles, such as time spent sleeping, preparing meals, and engaging in physical activities.Our results indicate that working long (50+) hours per week has a small negative effect on self-reported health and slightly increases the probability of high blood pressure. Long work hours have diverse impacts on different aspects of individual lifestyles, yet magnitudes are small, and we find no significant relationship between long work hours and obesity. Overall, our results provide limited evidence that long work hours in China are seriously affecting health or lifestyles. The general conclusion of our analysis is that long work hours do not seem to have any strong effects on several commonly used subjective or objective measures of health. Nor do our results provide any evidence that long work hours significantly influence diets, physical activity, or sleep time. This contrasts strongly with existing e...

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Working hours, sleep duration and the risk of acute coronary heart disease: A case–control study of middle-aged men in Taiwan

Cited by 66 publications

References 31 publications

Work-Related Psychosocial Hazards and Arteriosclerosis

Work-Related Psychosocial Hazards and Arteriosclerosis

Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis including dose–response relationship

Long work hours and health in China

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