Working Futures: The ILO, Automation and Digital Work in India

Calvão, Filipe; Thara, Kaveri

doi:10.4000/poldev.3097

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…World Bank data has estimated that the proportion of jobs threatened by automation would be around 70% in India (Calvão & Thara, 2019). The McKinsey Global Institute reveals that the manufacturing sector has the highest potential for automation (67%) followed by accommodation and food services (66%), and transportation and warehousing (61%) (McKinsey Global Institute, 2018).…”

Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Employment and Digital Technology: A Regional Analysis in India

Mehta

Awasthi

Mehta³

2021

Indian Journal of Human Development

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The article explores women’s employment and the future of work due to the changing nature of jobs as a result of the onslaught of new technologies. Adoption of new digital technologies, industry 4.0 technologies and the increasing influence of platform or gig economy has had intense effects on the ‘future of work’, causing dramatic changes. Further, COVID-19 has severely impacted the economy, especially women, reflected in the consistent fall in female labour force participation across states. The unemployment rate (UR) is significantly higher among urban women. A large proportion of woman workers are vulnerable from automation because of their low-skill and the unskilled and routine nature of their work. The risk of automation is much higher in the case of women working in manufacturing and modern services. Women in India are engaged largely in traditional jobs with low level of education and skill, and having limited or negligible social security, particularly in the unorganised sector. The article is based on the secondary data provided by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) and uses the International Labour Organization (ILO) skill framework. The analysis clearly shows that skill sets among women is abysmally low. Noticeably, enhancing skill development as per the emerging market demand, including digital literacy, will go a long way to expand job opportunities for women.

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Section: Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s Employment and Digital Technology: A Regional Analysis in India

Mehta

Awasthi

Mehta³

2021

Indian Journal of Human Development

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“…If over-education is high in India, it could explain why the labour force participation rate of people with basic education is lower than the one of people with advanced education, as seen in the previous section. Calvão et al (2019) provides a picture of digital work in India. The authors update on the impact of the 4th industrial revolution on the Indian labour market, by looking at the changes in the retail sector, the growing space of tech-work platforms in managing services activities like driving, and the IT industry.…”

Section: Recent Background: Automation and The Replacement Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of labour segmentation after Covid-19

Salem¹

2021

The COVID-19 Pandemic, India and the World

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Labour segmentation in national markets roughly operates through two porous borders, separating jobs into sectors -formal vs. informal ones -and into status -selfemployed vs. paid employed, but characterized by a lot of overlapping. It results from the process of job creation, determined partly by labor-saving innovations in production and globalization. The chapter is an essay to describe how the pandemic interacts with these two factors to potentially reshape the allocation of jobs between informal self-employment and formal paid employment or other possible combinations. The main findings is that the impact of these interactions is highly unclear on the medium or long-term trend of labor. As selfemployment has been an answer in most countries to the job shortage in the prevalent informal form, the pandemic by reducing total employment in the short run first destroys lowpaid employment but without challenging the current trajectory of employment along segmentation -low job creation driven by higher digitalization.

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“…Digital work is perceived to have the potential to contribute to developing countries' economies, which are plagued by numerous developmental issues (Graham, Hjorth & Lehdonvirtan, 2017;Rani & Singh, 2019). The problems include extreme employment in the informal sector and unemployment in developing countries (Anwar & Graham, 2020b;Calvão & Thara, 2019). However, there are challenges associated with the adoption of digital work.…”

Section: Digital Work and Developing Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, the research questions directed the search for papers in digital work. There is a need to identify gaps in digital work research because of its potential to provide unconventional means of creating employment in developing countries, where unemployment is high (Anwar & Graham, 2020a;Calvão & Thara, 2019;Rani & Singh, 2019). The gaps identified will assist researchers in identifying topics that need to be researched in digital work.…”

Section: Step 1: Defining Research Questions (Scoping)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adoption of Digital Work in Developing Countries: Systematic Mapping of Studies

Nyoni¹,

Ndayizigamiye²,

Bvuma³

EPiC Series in Education Science

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This paper explores the current challenges, motivations for adopting digital work, the technology acceptance models/ theories used to research digital work and the benefits of adopting digital work identified in primary research articles. Digital work is one of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) products and is perceived to be a solution to addressing unemployment. There is a need to find a method to address unemployment in developing countries because of the socio-economic challenges. The methodology of this study is a systematic mapping of papers. Identifying gaps in the literature for future research in web-based digital work in developing countries. Through the mapping of the selected articles, the paper identified the challenges, drivers and benefits of web-based digital work. The gap identified is that the research must be conducted to create a framework to adopt web-based digital work. There is a need for research on how small companies in developing countries can benefit from outsourcing digital workers. Research to create frameworks to promote the adoption of digital work in developing countries and the companies within developing countries.

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Working Futures: The ILO, Automation and Digital Work in India

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Women’s Employment and Digital Technology: A Regional Analysis in India

Women’s Employment and Digital Technology: A Regional Analysis in India

The future of labour segmentation after Covid-19

The Adoption of Digital Work in Developing Countries: Systematic Mapping of Studies

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